KNOW MORE

ART AND CRAFT

GRADE 5

LEARNER’S BOOK

Francis Muthomi

Debora Mony

This book belongs to:

............................................................................................................

Congratulations

By purchasing an original of this book, you are supporting and

encouraging African writers. If you suspect it has been copied or

pirated, please contact the publishers.

Write to: info@storymojaafrica.co.ke

Or:

Storymoja

PO Box 264 – 00606

Sarit Centre, Nairobi, Kenya.

Storymoja books are published by No Boundaries Ltd., an ethical

indigenous company formed by a collective of writers committed to

promoting African writing of world-class standards.

Edited by Movine Nyanchoka and Mathew Sang

Design and layout by Angela Mwikali and Abulitsa George

Cover design by Abulitsa George

First published in 2021 as a Storymoja imprint by No Boundaries Ltd.,

PO Box 264 – 00606, Sarit Centre, Nairobi, Kenya.

Reprinted 2022

ISBN 978-9966-62-381-2

utilised in any form by any means electronic or mechanical – including

photocopying and recording – or by any information storage and

retrieval system without written permission from the publishers.

Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any

has been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will be pleased to

make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

Contents

1. Picture making techniques .................................................... 1

Drawing........................................................................................................... 1

Cross-hatching technique ........................................................................... 6

Crayon etching.............................................................................................. 10

Painting............................................................................................................ 18

Collage ............................................................................................................ 27

2. Indigenous Kenyan crafts....................................................... 33

Weaving........................................................................................................... 33

Leather work ................................................................................................. 45

Pottery............................................................................................................. 53

Sculpture.......................................................................................................... 62

3. Design, mixed media and technology................................... 69

Graphic design............................................................................................... 69

Letter construction....................................................................................... 69

Book craft....................................................................................................... 77

Puppetry.......................................................................................................... 84

Photography................................................................................................... 92

4. Presentation and exhibition................................................... 97

Exhibition skills .............................................................................................. 107

What is still-life drawing? Tell your friend.

Drawing is an act of making pictures or diagrams on a surface using

pencils, crayons, pens or anything that leaves a mark.

Still-life drawing is a drawing that depicts lifeless (inanimate) objects

such as a house, cup or car.

A still-life drawing

Even though plants are living, they are considered inanimate as they

cannot move from one place to another on their own.

Remember

Still-life drawing

Activity 1 Observing samples of still-life compositions

What you need

• Samples of still-life drawings, both actual and digital

• Digital devices such as a computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone

Picture making techniques

Drawing

What to do

1. Study samples of still-life compositions in groups and describe them.

2. Look at the pictures below. Describe what you see.

A B

3. On a digital device, type Examples of still-life drawings and search.

You can also use this link: http://tiny.cc/86nxsz. Observe the still-life

drawings displayed and discuss the questions below.

a) How do the still-life drawings look like?

b) How can you create still-life compositions like the ones in the

pictures?

Activity 2

Creating a still-life composition using the

smudging technique

What you need

• Dry media such as pencils, chalks and charcoal

• Crayons

• Drawing book or paper

• Various types of fruits

• Erasers

What to do

1. Get three samples of fruits. The fruits should

be of varying shapes, sizes and textures, for

example, an apple, a banana and a pineapple.

2. Arrange the three fruits in a way that pleases you. Ensure light can

reach them.Walk around your composition and observe it from different

angles.

3. Carefully follow the steps below to draw your set-up.

a) Sketch the shapes of your fruits.

b) Look at your fruits. Note the parts that are directly exposed to the

light and the parts that are not. Start by shading the parts that are

not directly exposed to the light.

c) Continue shading until you achieve the light and dark effects on

your drawing.

4. Display and talk about your still-life drawing with your friends. Discuss

the following questions.

a) What do you like about your still-life drawing?

b) What do you like about the still-life drawings of your friends?

c) How can you improve your drawing?

When shading, it is important to be keen on:

a) the direction from which the light is falling on the objects

b) the shadows formed by the objects.

Remember

5. Clean your working area and store the learning materials for future

use.

The following information will guide you in creating your compositions.

Read the information and discuss with your classmates.

Elements of art

1. Lines – Lines can be vertical, horizontal, diagonal, curved, continuous

or broken when used in a drawing.

2. Texture –This is the feel or the appearance of a surface on a drawing.

How smooth or rough are the fruits in your drawing?

3. Value – This is the lightness or darkness of colours. White is the

lightest value and black is the darkest. How light or dark are the fruits

in your drawing?

4. Form – This means something that is three-dimensional (3D) and

encloses volume. A form has length, width and height. What is the

form of the fruits in your drawing?

Principles of art

1. Balance – When all elements of art are well captured in a drawing,

then balance has been achieved.This means, one side of the object

does not seem heavier than the other.

2. Proportion – This is the relative size of an object compared to

another object in a pictorial composition. In your drawing, how are

the fruits different from each other in terms of size?

Quick reminder

3. Rhythm and movement – This is used to create the impression

of action in a work of art. As you get ready to draw your still-life

composition, note where the light is coming from. This will help you

to decide how to lay out your papers and where the shadows will

appear.

1. How can you create light and dark effect in a drawing using the

smudging technique?

2. How can you create texture in drawing?

3. Why is it important to note where the light is coming from when

creating still-life drawings?

Test yourself

During your free time, make still-life drawings using the smudge

technique. Use the still-life drawing to decorate a children's home in

your community.

Learning at home

Cross-hatching technique

Hatching is a process of shading using closely drawn parallel lines. In

cross-hatching, the artist draws a second layer of lines over the ﬁrst set

in the opposite direction.This creates a mesh-like look.

Activity 1

Observing still-life drawings created using the

cross-hatching techniques

What you need

Digital devices (such as a computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone) with an

internet connection

What to do

1. Observe and describe the following pictures in groups.

A B

2. Watch a video clip on hatching and cross-hatching using the following

link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gu4ed20R6Fu. Observe how

the artist uses the cross-hatching technique to shade the various objects.

3. Discuss the questions below based on what you have observed in the

video.

a) How is cross-hatching achieved?

b) What effect does cross-hatching have on the objects?

Activity 2

Using the cross-hatching technique to draw

cylindrical forms

What you need

• Drawing book or paper

• Dry media such as pencils, charcoal and chalks

• Crayons

• Erasers

What to do

1. Sketch the outline of two overlapping cylinders using a pencil or any

other dry media. See the sketch below.

2. Determine the direction from which light hits the cylinders.This will help

you ﬁgure out which areas of the cylinders should have light shading

and which areas need dark shading.

3. Draw lines on the areas where shadows fall on the cylinders.The lines

should cross each other so that they form a mesh-like look.

4. Continue shading until you get the desired light and dark effect. Erase

any unnecessary marks you may have made.The ﬁnal drawing should

look like the one shown below.

5. Store the remaining materials such as drawing papers, pencils, charcoal

sticks and erasers for future use.

6. Display your work for your friends to see. Respond to the following

questions about each other’s work.

a) What same features do your drawings have?

b) What can you do to improve your drawings?

a) When cross-hatching, lines are closely spaced. A darker effect is

achieved.When they are widely spaced, a lighter effect is achieved

b) The cross-hatching technique is used to create texture, value and the

effect of light and form.

Quick reminder

1. What is cross-hatching in drawing?

2. What is the effect of cross-hatching lines when they are:

a) closely spaced

b) sparsely spaced

3. Why is it important to store the remaining materials after drawing?

4. What materials can be reused in drawing?

Test yourself

Form an art club with your friends. Practise drawing various objects

using the cross-hatching technique to improve your drawing skills. Show

your parents or guardians your drawing and let them give you feedback.

Learning at home

Crayon etching

Crayon etching is the process of making an image using ink or paint and

wax crayons.

Activity 1

Observing compositions made using the crayon

etching technique

What you need

Digital devices (such as a computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone) with an

internet connection

What to do

1. Use the following link to view samples of crayon-etched pictures:

https://www.google.com/search?q=crayon+etched+samples/.

2. With your friend, discuss the pictures you have viewed. The following

questions will guide you.

a) How do the pictures look like?

b) How different are the pictures from the ones shown below?

A B

3. Observe the pictures below in groups and discuss the questions that

follow.

A B

a) How are the pictures of crayon etching different from other pictures?

b) What do you like about crayon etched pictures?

Making wax crayons using beeswax

Beeswax is the part of the honey comb that can be melted, ﬁltered and

used for making various products such as candles, crayons and soaps.

Beeswax

Activity 2 Making wax crayons using beeswax

What you need

• Beeswax

• Bottle tops

• Coloured chalks or food colour

• Grater

• Old newspapers or magazines

• Two measuring cups

• Source of heat

What to do

1. Grate the beeswax as shown below.

Grating beeswax

2. Take the grated beeswax and put it in a jug or a cup.

3. Crush the coloured chalks and keep them separately.

4. Place the jug with beeswax in heating water as shown below. Using a

stick, stir the melting beeswax gently.

5. When all the beeswax has melted, pour it into a few bottle tops. Keep

the rest of the melted beeswax in the hot water.

6. Add the crushed coloured chalk or food colour to the melted wax in

the bottle tops.

7. Stir using a toothpick or a small stick. Continue adding the coloured

chalk or food colour and stirring until you get the desired colour then

let them cool.

When mixing the food colour or crushed chalk with the beeswax, do it

with caution.The beeswax is still hot and can burn you!

Watch out

8. Repeat step 7 above using different colours of your choice. Let the wax

cool and harden.

9. As the wax cools, clean your working area and store your materials in

a safe place such as a cupboard. Clean the containers you used as well.

10. Display and talk about your improvised crayons.

11. Wash your hands using clean water and soap.

1. How can one make wax crayons using locally available materials?

2. What safety rules should one observe when making the

improvised crayons?

Test yourself

1. Be careful when handling sharp objects like toothpicks to avoid

injuries to yourself or your friends.

2. When improvising crayons, do not play with ﬁre. Do not get close to

the heating water to avoid getting burnt.

3. Do not put the improvised crayons in your mouth. They are harmful

to your health.

4. Melted wax can catch ﬁre. Do not heat the beeswax at a high

temperature.

5. If you are using a knife or razor blade to remove the ﬁnished crayons

from the bottle tops, be careful not to cut yourself.

Safety measures

Pictorial compositions

Activity 3 Using the crayon etching technique to create pictures

What you need

• Heavy paper such as a cardboard

• Crayons of various colours including a black one

• Old newspapers or magazines

• Toothpicks or small sharp sticks

• Black Indian ink or black tempera paint

• Paint brush

What to do

1. Watch a video clip on how to create crayon etching pictures. Use the

following link: https://youtu.be/EjKhOQC2skE.

2. Discuss the process you have watched in the video clip.

3. Follow the steps below to create a picture using the crayon etching

technique.

a) Spread old newspapers or magazines on your working area.

b) Place the handpaper or cardboard on the newspapers or magazines.

c) Use different colours of crayons apart from black to colour your

hard paper or cardboard.Always share crayons with your friends.

d) Using the black ink, paint over the coloured cardboard. Ensure you

paint the entire cardboard.

e) Leave the cardboard for the black ink to dry.

f) Using a toothpick or a small sharp stick,draw pictures of your choice

by scratching off the black ink on the cardboard.This will reveal the

colours underneath the black ink as shown below.

You can create depth in your drawing by varying the pressure you apply

on the toothpick as you scratch off the black ink. By pressing hard or

lightly, you create different depths in the drawing.

Remember

Handle toothpicks and the small sharp sticks carefully to avoid hurting

yourself or others.

Watch out

4. Display your work and discuss the questions below with your friends.

a) What do you like about your work?

b) What do you like about the work of your friends?

c) How can each one of you improve your work?

5. Clean your working area. Wash your hands using soap and clean water.

Store the remaining learning materials for future use.

a) While creating pictures using the crayon etching technique, the black

ink is scraped off and the beautiful colours underneath are revealed.

The black ink that is used to cover the crayon colours is called an

overlay.

b) The process of scratching off the black ink as one creates a picture is

called etching.

c) Black coloured crayons are not used in creating the background on

the drawing paper or cardboard.This is because when the black ink

is scratched off, it would not reveal any colour underneath to create

the lines in the picture.The lines in the picture would appear broken

thus creating an incomplete picture.

Quick reminder

1. What can one use to scratch off the black ink in crayon etching?

2. How do you create depth in crayon-etched pictures?

3. What is an overlay in the crayon etching technique?

4. Why are black coloured crayons not used in the crayon etching

background?

Test yourself

During your free time, create crayon etched pictures of your choice.

Sell the pictures and use the income to buy your basic needs or help the

elderly in your community.

Learning at home

Painting

Colour classification

Painting is the art of using a painting tool such as a paint brush to apply

colours on a surface such as paper, wood, stone or clay. Colours are usually

classiﬁed into three main groups:

1. primary colours

2. secondary colours

3. tertiary colours.

Activity 1 Identifying primary, secondary and tertiary colours

What you need

• Digital devices (such as a computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone) with

an internet connection

• Samples of objects of different colours

What to do

1. Identify the colours of the objects or items you have.

2. What is the colour of each of the following objects.

A B C D

3. Which other colours do you know?

4. Watch a video clip on primary and secondary colours on the following

link: https://youtu.be/DnPE4W3-V20.

5. Discuss the colours you have seen in the video clip by answering the

following questions.

a) Which are the primary colours?

b) Which are the secondary colours?

c) What is the difference between primary and secondary colours?

6. Watch a video clip on tertiary colours using the following link:

https://youtu.be/Foy3dQyHyk.

7. Discuss the tertiary colours you have seen in the video clip by answering

the following questions.

a) Which are the tertiary colours?

b) How do you create tertiary colours?

8. Classify your sample objects into primary, secondary and tertiary

colours.

Primary colours are colours from which all other colours can be obtained by

mixing. There are three primary colours.

Blue Red Yellow

Secondary colours are made by mixing two primary colours.There are

three secondary colours.

Orange

Violet

Green

Tertiary colours are a combination of a primary and a secondary colour.

There are six tertiary colours.These are red-orange, yellow-orange,

yellow-green, blue-green, blue-violet and red-violet.

Quick reminder

The ﬁrst name in the tertiary colour is of the primary colour while the

second is of the secondary colour used.

Red-orange

Blue-green Blue-violet Red-violet

Yellow-orange Yellow-green

1. Draw three squares in your exercise book. Colour each square with

one primary colour.

2. Draw items in your surroundings that have secondary colours.

Colour each item.

3. Which is your favourite tertiary colour? Draw an object and colour

it with the colour.

4. Talk about your work with your friend.

Have fun

Activity 2 Making secondary colours

What you need

• Red, yellow and blue paints

• Bottle tops

• White manila paper

• Paintbrush

• Water

If you are using brushes to mix paint, ensure you clean them after use.

Remember

What to do

1. Make a secondary colour by following the steps below.

a) Step 1: Put a drop of yellow paint in a bottle top.

b) Step 2: Add a drop of blue paint to the yellow paint.

c) Step 3: Mix the yellow and blue paint using a brush.What colour do

you get? Use the colour you have obtained to paint a square on the

white manila paper.

2. Make the other secondary colours by mixing the following colours:

a) Red and yellow paints

b) Blue and red paints

3. Use each of the colours you have obtained to paint a square on the

white manila paper.

4. When you have ﬁnished, store the remaining paints well for future use.

5. Display your manila papers and discuss your work in groups. Answer

the following questions.

a) What do you like about the secondary colours you have made?

b) What do you like about your friend’s work?

c) How can they improve their work?

6. Clean your working area.Wash your hands using clean water and soap.

Activity 3 Making tertiary colours

What you need

• All primary and secondary colours – red, yellow, blue, orange, violet

and green paints

• A palette or bottle top

• White manila paper

• Paintbrush

• Water

What to do

1. Make a tertiary colour using the steps below.

a) Step 1: Put a drop of yellow paint on a palette or bottle top.

b) Step 2: Add a drop of orange paint to the yellow paint.

c) Step 3: Mix the yellow and orange paints using a brush.What colour

does it form?

2. Use the paint you have made to paint a circle on the manila paper.

3. Using the steps above, mix the following colours to form the other

tertiary colours. Remember to wash your brush before using it to mix

other colours.

a) Yellow and green paints

b) Blue and green paints

c) Blue and violet paints

d) Red and orange paints

e) Red and violet paints

4. What tertiary colours do you get after mixing the paints? Use each of

the colours you have made to paint a circle on the white manila paper.

5. Display the circles you have painted and talk about your work with

your friends.Answer the following questions.

a) What do you like about the tertiary colours you have made?

b) What do you like about your friend’s work?

c) How can you improve your work?

6. When you have ﬁnished, store all paints and remaining paper in the

cupboard for future use.

7. Clean your working area. Wash your hands using clean water and soap.

1. Draw three circles in your exercise book. Paint each circle with a

secondary colour.

2. Draw six circles in your exercise book. Colour the circles with the

six tertiary colours.

Have fun

a) There are three primary colours:

i) blue ii) red iii) yellow.

b) Secondary colours are made from mixing two primary colours:

i) blue + yellow = green

ii) blue + red = violet

Quick reminder

iii) yellow + red = orange.

c) Tertiary colours are made from mixing primary and secondary

colours.There are six tertiary colours as shown below.

i) red + orange = red-orange

ii) yellow + orange = yellow-orange

iii) yellow + green = yellow-green

iv) blue + green = blue-green

v) blue + violet = blue-violet

vi) red + violet = red-violet

Colour wheel

A colour wheel is a circle that illustrates the relationship between primary,

secondary and tertiary colours.

Activity 4 Drawing and painting a colour wheel

What you need

• Digital devices such as a computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone

• Pencils

• White manila paper

• Paints of primary, secondary and tertiary colours

What to do

1. Watch a video clip of the colour wheel using the following link:

https://youtu.be/C74NoVmiM5I?t=235.

2. Discuss the following questions with your friend.

a) Which primary colours did you see in the colour wheel?

b) Which secondary colours did you see in the colour wheel?

c) Name the tertiary colours you saw.

3. Draw a large circle on the white manila paper. Ensure that the circle is

correctly divided as per the colour wheel you observed in the video clip.

4. Colour the different portions using the correct colours. Start with

primary colours,then secondary colours and ﬁnally the tertiary colours.

5. Display your work and discuss the following questions.

a) What do you like about your colour wheel?

b) How can you improve your colour wheel?

c) Suggest ways you can make your friend’s colour wheel better.

6. File your work in your portfolio.

7. Clean your working area. Store the remaining materials for future use.

A colour wheel shows all the primary, secondary and tertiary

colours.

Below is a colour wheel.

Primary

Secondary

Intermediate

(tertiary)

Intermediate

(tertiary)

Intermediate

(tertiary)

Intermediate

(tertiary)

Intermediate

(tertiary)

Intermediate

(tertiary)

Primary

Quick reminder

With your siblings or friends at home, draw and paint a colour wheel.

Paint all the primary, secondary and tertiary colours in the right portions

of the wheel. Show your parents or guardians the colour wheel.

Learning at home

Activity 5

Creating pictures on conservation of the

environment

What you need

• Drawing paper

• Paint or crayons

• Paints brushes

• Pencils

What to do

1. Draw and paint the pictures below on your drawing paper.

2. Stick the pictures on your school’s and community’s display boards.

3. Discuss the importance of conserving the environment with your

schoolmates and members of your community.

1. Which are the three primary colours?

2. Write down the steps of making the three secondary colours.

3. How do you create a tertiary colour?

4. In which order do you name tertiary colours?

5. Fill in the correct colours in each box.

Primary colour Secondary colour Tertiary colour

Blue Green ________________

Test yourself

Primary colour Secondary colour Tertiary colour

______________ ________________ Yellow-green

Red Orange ________________

______________ Violet Blue-violet

Yellow ________________ _________-orange

______________ ________________ ________________

Collage

Pictorial composition

A collage is a work of art that is made from different materials such as

paper,newsprints,photographs,sand,inedible seeds,fabric and other objects

found in the environment.

Activity 1 Observing and identifying samples of collage pictures

1. Look at the collage pictures below with your friend.Discuss the questions

that follow.

a) How have the pictures been created?

b) How can you make collage pictures of your choice?

2. Study digital collage pictures using the following link:

https://tinyurl.com/4pdbaf4r.

3. Talk about the pictures you have seen.

4. Store the digital devices well after use.

Mixed media collage

Activity 2 Collecting materials to make collage pictures

1. Collect the following materials from your local environment.

sand

tree bark inedible seeds

leaves

grass small stones

2. Store the materials separately. You will use them to make collage

pictures in the next activity.

a) A mixed media collage is an artwork in which more than one material

has been used.

b) Instead of throwing away seeds that cannot be eaten, we can use

them in various Art and Craft activities like making collage pictures.

However, ensure the seeds you collect are safe.

Quick reminder

It is important to conserve the environment because it is a source of

Art and Craft materials. Do not destroy ﬂowers or trees to get your

materials.As much as possible, use fallen leaves and cut out grass.

Remember

Activity 3 Creating mixed media collage pictures

What you need

• Sand, grass, leaves, inedible seeds, tree barks and small stones

• Manila paper or cardboard

• Old newspapers or magazines

• Gloves

• Glue

What to do

1. Look around your immediate environment.Look at the landforms,roads,

plants, farms, houses and other features around you.

2. Discuss with your friend what you can see. Select a feature, area or

object that you would like to make using a collage.

3. Follow the steps below to make your collage composition.Wear gloves

since you will be using glue.

a) Spread old newspapers or magazines on your working area. The

newspapers will prevent your working area from getting stained.

b) On manila paper or cardboard, use a pencil to sketch the feature,

area or object that you chose in step 2.

c) Apply glue on your sketch.

d) Start by sprinkling sand on the areas covered in soil on the ground.

Sprinkle small amounts of sand at a go to avoid wastage.

e) Tip the paper on one side so that the extra sand can fall off as

shown in the picture below.

f) Place the other materials like the leaves, tree barks, seeds and grass

on the other sections of your landscape. For the areas where heavy

materials such as seeds and tree barks are to be used, you need to

put a thicker coat of glue.

g) Put your collage outside to dry. Carry your collage carefully and

place it on a ﬂat surface.

4. Clean your working area as the collage is drying outside. Wash your

hands using soap and clean water. Store the remaining materials for

future use.

5. Once the collage is dry, display it in class.As a class discuss the following

questions about your work.

a) What do you like about your own collage picture?

b) What do you like about the collage pictures of your friends?

c) How can you make your collage pictures better?

a) When selecting the paper to stick your materials on, consider the

weight of the materials. Heavy materials like tree barks and pebbles

cannot be stuck on light paper because it will tear.

b) The materials should be stuck ﬁrmly and neatly on the paper or

cardboard.

c) The forms in the collage should be balanced and presented correctly.

d) The overlapping of forms should be accurate and creatively done.

Quick reminder

1. Name other materials in your environment that can be used to make

a collage.

2. How can you ensure heavy materials like small stones stick to the

paper properly?

3. What should be considered when selecting the paper on which to

stick materials in a collage?

Test yourself

Think of a natural feature that you like and which has been destroyed

by human activities. Make a sketch of the destroyed natural feature. Use

materials like sand, tree barks,seeds and dry leaves to make a collage of

it. Show your parents or guardians the collage you have made. Discuss

how the feature can be rehabilitated.

Have fun

With the guidance of your parents or guardians, make collage pictures

of your choice for sale during the school enterprise week. Use the money

from the sale to help the needy children in your community.

Learning at home

In traditional Kenyan society, different communities used various items

made using local crafts. Some of the processes used to create these crafts

include weaving, leather work, pottery and sculpture.

Weaving

Weaving is the process in which two sets of yarns or

thread are crossed over and under each other to create

usable and decorative items. The picture below shows

how the yarns and thread are woven to form an item.

The vertical yarn or thread is called the warp and the

horizontal yarn or thread is the weft.

Plain and twine weaving techniques

Activity 1

Observing items made using plain and twine

weaving techniques

What you need

• Digital devices such as a laptop, computer, smartphone or tablet

• Internet connectivity

• Samples of woven items

What to do

1. Look at the samples of the woven items that your teacher will show you.

Touch the items and describe their textures. Discuss the appearance of

the items.

2. Name the woven items shown in the pictures below. Describe how the

items can be made.

A B C

Indigenous Kenyan crafts

3. Look at the images of items made using the plain and twine weaving

techniques from the following links.

Link 1: https://images.app.goo.gl/PaAojeBDia3NLRU8A

Link 2: https://images.app.goo.gl/nAfsyPgy7R5icRxR7

4. Discuss the woven items you have seen in the pictures. What is the

difference between items made using plain weaving technique and those

made using twine weaving technique?

In plain weaving, the warp and weft threads cross at right angles so

that they form a simple criss-cross pattern as shown below.

Twine weaving involves passing two or more twisted weft yarns over

and under two or more twisted yarns.The process of twisting two yarns

together is known as twining. See the example below.

Quick reminder

Activity 2 Selecting materials from the locality for weaving

1. Collect weaving materials from your local environment.

2. Store the materials you have collected well for use in the next activity.

1. The pictures below show examples of natural materials used for

weaving.

rafﬁa wool

grass sisal

banana ﬁbre bamboo `

Quick reminder

coconut water hyacinth

2. There are different types of materials used for weaving. Some of them

are stiff while others are ﬂexible.

3. Stiff weaving materials are not easy to bend.Examples include bamboo

sticks and palm leaves.

4. Flexible weaving materials are soft and are easily bent. Examples

include wool, sisal, strips of old clothes, water hyacinth and grass.

Preparing materials for weaving

Handle sharp tools with care since they can cut you or your classmates

if not handled well.

Safety measures

Activity 3 Preparing natural materials for weaving

What you need

• Natural weaving materials such as bamboo, sisal or water hyacinth

• Water

• Basin

• Knife or scissors

What to do

Form a group with your friends. Select your group leader who will ensure

that all the materials needed are available. Notify your teacher of any

issues that may arise in your group.

Preparing stiff materials – bamboo sticks

Follow the steps below to prepare bamboo sticks for weaving.

a) Cut the bamboo stick into equal pieces of one metre long or your

desired length.

b) Split the bamboo into thin strips using a knife. Be careful not to cut

yourself or others.

c) Soak the bamboo strips in water as shown below.The strips will be

ready for use after two hours.

Preparing ﬂexible materials – reeds

Follow the steps below to prepare reeds for weaving.

a) Check to conﬁrm that the reeds are dry.

b) Cut the reeds into your desired length.

c) Fill a basin with lukewarm water. Do not use hot water as it will

damage the ﬁbres in the reeds.

d) Put the reeds in the warm water and let them soak for about ten

minutes.

e) After ten minutes, remove the reeds from the basin and leave them

out to dry.

1. Clean up your working area after you ﬁnish the activities.Wash your

hands using clean water and soap.

2. Store the weaving materials you have prepared safely for weaving.

Remember

1. Name three items that can be made from weaving.

2. Name the weaving materials available in your local area.

3. Mention one item you can weave using the materials you have

mentioned in question (2) above.

4. How do you prepare the following types of materials for weaving?

a) stiff materials

b) ﬂexible materials

Test yourself

Plain weaving

Plain weaving is a process in which the weft thread (horizontal thread) is

alternatively passed over and under the warp threads (vertical threads) up

to the end of the row. See the picture below.

plain weaving

Activity 4

Weaving a two-colour ﬂoor mat using plain weaving

technique

• Weaving materials such as sisal, rafﬁa, bamboo or reeds

• Water

• Basins

• A knife or scissors

• Ruler

• Cardboard

• Dyes of different colours

What to do

1. Sketch a circle or square on the cardboard.

2. Cut out the shape you have sketched from the cardboard.

3. Draw diagonal lines which meet at the centre of the shape you have cut

out. The lines should be 1 cm apart.

1 cm

4. Cut grooves at the edges of your cardboard. The grooves should be

about 2 cm deep.The edge cuts will hold the weaving material in place.

5. Dye your ﬁbres using different colours. Secure the warp ﬁbre on the

grooves as you wind the ﬁbre round the cardboard loom.

6. Start passing the weft thread from the middle of the loom. Use thin

ﬁbres at the centre because the space between the warp thread is tight.

7. Continue weaving while increasing the thickness of the weft ﬁbre as you

move away from the centre of the loom.

8. Add a second colour after a few rounds of the ﬁsrt colour of the weft

thread.

9. Keep alternating the two colours to create a pattern of your choice.

10.Once you have achieved the right size of the ﬂoor mat, tie the warp and

weft threads carefully.Then cut off the edges of the warp threads. See

the example that follows.

11.You could also tie the loose edges to create a beautiful design instead

of trimming them off. See the example below.

12.Display and talk about your mats with your friends. Give each other

feedback on your work and how you can improve your mats.

13.Clean up your working area and keep your materials in a safe place.

for future use

14.Wash your hands using soap and clean water.

In plain weaving, the wefts cross at right angles to form a crisscross

pattern. Each weft alternately goes under the warp then over up to the

end of the item being made.

Quick reminder

Twine technique

Activity 5 Weaving using the twine technique

• Weaving materials such as sisal, rafﬁa, bamboo or reeds

• Water

• Basins

• Knife or scissors

• Ruler

• Cardboard

• Paint of different colours

What to do

1. Make a cardboard loom as instructed in Activity 4. You can make a

circular or square loom.

2. Dye your ﬁbres using different colours.

3. Secure the warp ﬁbre all round the loom.

4. Using two strips of the weft ﬁbre as shown below, start weaving by

passing one strip over the warp and the other one under.

Ensure the warps are ﬁrmly held in place on the loom as you use the

wefts to weave under and over.

5. Continue weaving until you achieve the right size of the ﬂoor mat.

6. Tie the warps and the weft carefully and trim off the loose edges.You

could also tie the loose edges in a beautiful design instead of trimming

them off.

7. Display and talk about your mats as a class. Give each other feedback

on how you can improve your mats.

8. Store your mats and the remaining materials well for future use.

9. Clean your working areas and wash your hands with soap and clean

water.

1. Draw a picture to show the weft and warp ﬁbres in a circular woven

mat.

2. What is the difference between plain and twine weaving?

3. Why do you create grooves or cuts at the edges of the cardboard

loom?

4. Which of the two ﬁbres or threads is passed over or under the other

one when weaving?

Test yourself

During your free time, weave ﬂoor mats with your friends for decorating

your homes. You can also sell the mats and use the money you will

generate to help the needy children in your community.

Learning at home

Leather work

We get leather from hides and skins of animals such as goats, cows, camels

and donkeys. Various methods are used to make leather items. One of

these methods is called thonging.

Thonging method

A thong is a narrow strip of leather that is used to decorate or fasten

something.

thongs

Activity 1

Observing leather items made using the thonging

method

What you need

• Digital devices such as a computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone

• Internet connectivity

• Real items made from leather

What to do

1. Study the items in the pictures below. Discuss what the items have in

common.

hat

sandals

purse

drum

2. Use the link https://tinyurl.com/y5wt6wr5 to watch a video clip on some

items made of leather using the thonging method. How do the items

look like? Discuss the process with your friend.

3. Store your digital devices well for future use.

Thonging is a decorative way of securing or joining the ends of some

pieces of an item together using narrow strips of leather.

The method can be used to make various leather items such as shoes,

bags, clothes, drums and pencil cases. The items are used for different

purposes.

Quick reminder

1. Name other items that can be made from leather.

2. What are the uses of the leather items you named?

Test yourself

Designing and making a leather pencil case

Activity 2 Designing a leather pencil case

What you need

• Manila paper or soft cardboard

• Piece of leather material measuring more than 30 cm by 30 cm from old

items such as jackets or bags

• Pair of strong scissors

• Glue

What to do

1. Look at the pictures of the pencil case below and discuss the questions.

a) How can you make such a pencil case?

b) What materials can one use to make the item?

2. Follow the steps below to design a pencil case.

a) Fold a piece of manila paper or soft cardboard into the shape of the

pencil case in step 1.

b) Use glue to stick the two sides of the folded paper together so that

it stays in shape.

c) Wrap the piece of leather round the folded paper. Mark the cut off

marks on the piece of leather that will be adequate to make the

pencil case. Remember to allow some extra length for the holes. The

thong will be passed to fasten the leather.

d) Unfold the piece of leather and place it ﬂat on the table. Cut along

the cut off marks you have marked in step (c).

e) Place the folded paper on the remaining piece of leather in a standing

position. Draw the circle on the leather that ﬁts the bottom part of

the folded paper. Remember to leave some allowance on the leather

to allow for fastening onto the cylindrical part of the pencil case.

f) Cut off the circular part from the leather along the circle you have

drawn in step (e) above.

g) Store the pieces of your pencil case together with the remaining

materials.You will use the materials in your next activity.

h) Clean up your working area.Wash and dry your hands.

1. Be careful with cutting tools and sharp objects like scissors and the

awl.Careless use of sharp tools can lead to injuries to self and others.

2. Always handle the tools correctly to avoid accidents when working.

Safety measures

Activity 3 Preparing leather thongs

What you need

• Cutting tool such as strong scissors or knife

• Piece of leather

What to do

Using the cutting tool, cut narrow long strips of leather from a large piece

of leather. Ensure the thongs are of even thickness and adequate length.

leather thongs

Activity 4

Joining the leather pieces using the thongs to make

a pencil case

What you need

• Awl or sharp nails

An awl

• Beads

• Ruler

• Pencil

• Pair of dividers

What to do

1. Place the pieces of leather on a ﬂat surface. Ensure the right side is up.

2. Mark a light line about 0.5 cm on both sides of the piece of cloth.

3. Do the same at the bottom and at the top. You can use a pair of dividers

to achieve uniform spacing.

4. Push an awl through or punch holes from the right on the dots. Make

holes of the desired size through the leather. You can also use nails and

a hammer to make holes. Observe safety rules. Using the awl or nail,

make holes, 1 cm apart, along the dotted lines. Ensure the holes on the

right side correspond to the holes on the left.

5. Fold the rectangular piece of leather into a cylinder and fasten the sides

using a thong.

6. Wrap the circular bottom piece of leather round the cylindrical section

of the pencil case. Mark where you should punch holes on the circular

piece. Ensure the holes on the circular piece correspond to the holes on

the bottom part of the cylindrical piece.

7. Fasten the bottom piece to the cylindrical piece using a thong.

8. Use two thongs to make a draw string to secure the opening at the top

as shown in the picture below.

9. Use beads to decorate the thong securing the top of the pencil case.

10.Display and talk about your pencil case and those made by your friends.

Discuss the following questions.

a) What do you like about the pencil case you have made?

b) What do you like about your friend’s pencil case?

c) What can you do to make your pencil case more beautiful?

11.Clean your working area. Store your materials well for future use.

12.Wash your hands with soap and clean water.

13.Use your pencil case to store your pencils, pens, eraser and pencil

sharpener.

Holes are punched in leather before thonging or stitching. This ensures

that there is even spacing to reduce strain on the lacing and on the

leather.

Quick reminder

1. Where do we get leather from?

2. What is thonging?

3. Name four items that can be made from leather.

4. Write down two safety measures one should observe when handling

cutting tools.

5. Draw and colour a leather item that you have designed. Make the

leather item through thonging technique.

Test yourself

Form an art club with your peers. Continue practising the thonging

technique in leatherwork. Make items you can use or give to your

siblings and friends as gifts. Examples of such items include small leather

bags for holding small items like coins, pegs and buttons.

Learning at home

Pottery

Pottery is the art of modelling objects using clay or other soft materials.

Pottery items are decorated through different techniques depending on the

use of the item.The pictures below show decorated pottery items.

A B

F G

Coiling technique

Activity 1

Observing samples of clay pots made using the

coiling technique

What you need

• Samples of items such as pots made by coiling

• Digital devices such as a computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone

• Internet connectivity

What to do

1. Study the pictures below. Discuss the questions that follow.

A B C D

a) Describe the appearance of the pots.

b) How do you think the pots were made?

2. Observe pictures of clay items made through coiling technique. Use the

following link: https://tinyurl.com/y5t4endg.

3. Discuss the following questions with your friend.

a) How do the pots in the pictures you saw look like?

b) What do you like about the pots you saw?

Coiling is a method in which long pieces of rolled clay are placed on top

of each other in a circular way to create an item such as a pot.

Quick reminder

Draw a pot that is made using the coiling technique.Colour your picture.

Below the picture, write a caption to describe it.

Have fun

With the guidance of your parents or guardians, collect clay soil for

modelling and take it to school.

Learning at home

Activity 2 Modelling a pot using the coiling technique

What you need

• Clay

• Water

• Toothpicks or small sharp sticks

• Old toothbrush

• Rolling pin

What to do

1. Follow the steps below to make a pot using the coil technique.

a) Knead the clay on a ﬂat surface to make it soft and smooth.

b) Roll the clay on a ﬂat surface using a rolling pin.

c) Cut a small piece of the clay and make long coils as shown below.

d) Roll several long smooth coils and place them aside. The coils should

be of the same size.

e) Make the base of the pot using clay. It should be round as shown

below.

f) Using your incising tools such as a toothpick or a small sharp stick,

make markings on your base as shown below.

g) In a small container, mix clay dust and water to make a paste. Ensure

the clay dust and water blend well.

h) Using an old toothbrush or small stick, apply the paste to the

markings you made on the base.

i) Place the ﬁrst coil on top of the scored base. Gently wind the coil

round the outer edge of the base as shown in the picture below.

j) Continue adding coils on top of each other. Ensure you apply the

paste of clay and water on each coil before placing a new one on

top. Cut off the excess coil at the end to ensure the pot is balanced.

k) Smoothen the coils on the inside using your ﬁngers.

l) Keep adding the coils to form a spiral shape until you achieve the

desired size of the pot.

m) Smoothen and shape the rim of the pot and leave it under a shade

to dry. Do not put the pot under direct sunlight as that would make

it crack.

2. Display your pot for your friends to look at it. Discuss what you like

about the pots. Give each other feedback on how you can improve your

pots.

3. Clean your working area. Store the remaining clay and other materials

well for future use.

4. Wash your hands using soap and clean water.

a) To make a wider pot, use longer coils.

b) The following terms are commonly used in pottery.

i) Scoring – It is the process of making small cuts on clay using a

sharp object like a toothpick or sharp stick.

ii) Slip – It is the paste made from mixing water and clay dust. Slip

helps to hold the coils together and to the base of the pot.

iii) Smoothening – using a ﬂat piece of wood or ﬁngers to achieve

a ﬂat surface on the pot.

iv) Blending – mixing water and clay dust to form a slip of uniform

consistency.

Quick reminder

Discuss with your friends the safety measures you should observe when

handling clay.Write down the points neatly on a manila paper. Present

the points to the class.

Have fun

Activity 3 Decorating a pot using traditional methods

What you need

• Incising tools such as toothpicks and sharp small sticks

• Coiled pot

• Small objects such as pebbles

• Coloured paint and paint brushes

What to do

1. Observe pictures of decorated clay pots. Decide how you would like

to decorate your pot. Note that some decorations such as incising are

made when the pot is still wet while others such as painting are made

when the pot is dry.

2. Make a clay pot using the coiling technique.

3. For decorations such as incising or embedding small pebbles or objects,

do it when the pot is still wet. Do it gently to avoid breaking the pot.

incising embedding small objects

4. For decorations such as drawing patterns on the pot using paint, do it

once the pot has dried.

painting

5. Display your decorated pot in class. Discuss your pot and those of your

classmates. Talk about what you like about the pots. Give each other

feedback on how you can improve your decorations.

6. Clean your working area and store the remaining materials for future

use.

7. Wash your hands with soap and clean water.

1. Pots are decorated to make them look beautiful.

2. There are various indigenous techniques of decorating a pot. They

include incising, painting and embedding small objecs in the clay.

3. Some decorations such as incising are made when the clay is still wet.

Others such as painting are made after the clay has dried.

Quick reminder

Draw the pot that you have decorated.

Have fun

1. During your freetime,make a pot using the coiling technique.Decorate

your pot by embedding inedible seeds and small stones.

2. Put the pot under a shade to dry then decorate it further by painting

using a pattern and colours of your choice.

3. Sell the pot and donate the money to a children's home in your

community.

Learning at home

Zawadi wants to play a word game that reminds her of what she has

learnt in pottery. She needs to ﬁnd the following words in the word

search puzzle below.

SCORING COILING SPIRAL SLIP

BLENDING POTTERY MODEL SMOOTHEN

Help Zawadi ﬁnd the words.

S C O R I N G Y F R E

M O N E P E R S A O B

O I C A A S I S L I P

O L L T E V A H H N O

T I E H S T R O E N T

H N C P O T H E R G T

E G S P I R A L R P E

N R A N D M O D E L R

G B L E N D I N G E Y

Have fun

1. What is pottery?

2. How can clay coils be used to make a pot?

3. Deﬁne the following terms used in pottery.

a) Slip b) Smoothening c) Scoring

4. Why should pots be decorated?

5. Name three traditional decorating methods used in pottery.

6. Write down three methods you can use to decorate a clay pot.

7. State one method you can use to decorate a dry pot.

8. State one method that you can use to decorate a wet pot.

Test yourself

Sculpture

Sculptures are three-dimensional forms. A sculpture has height,width and

length. Sculptures can be made using various methods such as carving.

Carving

Carving is a method of removing some parts of a material such as wood or

stone to create a desired object. Examples of items that are made through

this method include cooking utensils and decorative objects.

Ask your parents or guardians to show you items at home that are

carved from wood. Observe how the items are carved. Ask your parents

or guardians questions about how such items are made.

Learning at home

Activity 1 Identifying items carved from wood

What you need

• Digital devices such as a computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone

• Internet connectivity

• Samples of carved wooden items

What to do

1. Look at the pictures below. Name the items and what they are made of.

A B C

D E F

2. Look at the samples that your teacher will provide. Identify the items

and discuss how they can be made.

3. Watch a video clip of more items carved from wood from the following

link: https://tinyurl.com/y6rzvqry.

4. Discuss the questions below with your friends.

a) What do you like about the carved items you have observed?

b) What other items carved from wood are there in your school?

5. Store your digital devices well after use.

Observe all the wooden items in your local environment.Examples include

doors, tables and cupboards.Take note of how the items are decorated.

Share with your friends in school about the items you observed.

Learning at home

Activity 2 Carving a ladle using soft wood

What you need

• Straight piece of soft wood

• Saw

• Carving knife

• Pencil

• Sandpaper

1. Use cutting tools carefully to avoid cutting yourself or your classmates.

2. Do not play near carving tools as you could get injured by the sharp

tools.

3. Pass carving tools carefully to each other to avoid accidents.

Safety measures

4. Do not use carving tools as play items when working as you could

injure yourself or others.

What to do

1. Follow the steps below to carve a ladle. A ladle is a wooden serving

spoon.

ladles

a) Trace the shape of a ladle on the straight piece of soft wood.

b) Cut out the ladle from the piece of wood.

c) Remove the wood in the scooping area using a carving knife to

create the bowl of the ladle. Ensure you make it as smooth as you

can to minimise the sanding which can be difﬁcult.

d) Using sand paper, smoothen the ladle to remove the rough parts.

2. Display your ladle for your friends to see. Discuss following questions.

a) What you do like about your ladle?

b) What do you like about your friends’ ladles?

c) How can you improve your ladles?

3. Store the ladle you have made well as you will need it for the next

activity.

4. Clean up your working area and store the the materials including the

carving tools well.

5. Wash your hands with clean water and soap.

Activity 3 Decorating the ladle using traditional techniques

What you need

• Wax

• Oil

• Soft piece of cloth

• Incising tool

What to do

1. Observe the following pictures of decorated ladles. Discuss the

decorating methods used.

2. Follow the steps below to decorate your ladle.

a) Texturing – Using a carving knife, create a texture pattern on the

back side of the ladle by carving off the wood in some places. This

creates an uneven surface as shown below.

b) Polishing – Apply beeswax on the ladle and let it dry. Once it is dry,

apply some oil to a soft cloth (you could use mineral oil, coconut oil

or linseed oil) and then rub the wax with the cloth in circular motion

until the ladle shines.

3. Display your ladle for your friends to see. Discuss the work and give

suggestions on how you can improve your decorations.Talk about other

methods you can use to decorate your ladles.

4. Take pictures of your decorated ladles for future reference.

5. Clean up your working area and store your materials safely.

6. Wash your hands with clean water and soap.

There are different methods of decorating wooden items as discussed

below.

a) Smoking – Some parts of the wooden item are exposed to heat

making them darker than the other areas.

b) Polishing – Wax and oil are used to rub the wooden surface creating

a smooth and shiny look.

c) Texturing – Some parts of the surface are chipped off to create an

uneven surface.

d) Burning – Patterns, pictures or words are burned onto the wooden

surface creating a beautiful look.

e) Incising/engraving – A sharp tool is used to cut patterns on the wood.

f) Embossing –A beautiful pattern or design is stamped onto the wooden

surface.

Quick reminder

Make a ladle using wood. Using any of the decorating methods you

have learnt, decorate the ladle. Show your work to your friends and

talk about it.

Give each other feedback on how to improve your ladles.

Have fun

1. What is carving?

2. Why are sculptures three-dimensional objects?

3. Name ﬁve items that can be carved from wood.

4. Give three tools used in carving.

5. Name ﬁve methods you can use to decorate wooden items.

6. Why should we help the less fortunate people in our communities?

Test yourself

With the guidance of your parents or guardians, form an art club with

your peers from the neighbouring schools. Practise carving different

types of wooden utensils. Decorate your carvings. Donate the items

you have made to the elderly in your community.

Learning at home

Graphic design is the art of using images, symbols or text to pass ideas or

messages to people. It involves the use of many mediums such as drawing,

painting and lettering using visual elements such as lines, colours, shapes,

texture and space.

Letter construction

Activity 1 Observing different types of letters

What you need

• Digital devices such as a computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone

• Internet connectivity

What to do

1. Read the messages in the pictures below. Discuss how the letters have

been constructed.Which tools do we use to construct the letters?

Design, mixed media and technology

Graphic design

2. Using a digital device, look at the lower and upper case letters on the

following links:

Link 1: https://youtu.be/0N5HVwRBMqs

Link 2: https://youtu.be/x-lUk4LaZi0.

3. Describe the letters you have looked at by answering the questions

below.

a) How are the letters shaped?

b) What is the texture of the letters?

c) How are the letters spaced?

d) How can you construct such letters?

Using upper and lower case letters, design a “thank you” card for your

parents or guardians. In your message, tell them what you are thankful

for.

Learning at home

Activity 2 Observing and identifying 3D Roman block letters

What you need

• Digital devices such as a laptop, tablet, computer or smartphone

• Internet connectivity

• Samples of 3D Roman block letters

What to do

1. Observe and identify the block letters in the picture below. Describe the

letters.

2. Learn more about how 3D Roman block letters are made. Use the

following link: https://tinyurl.com/y57kfstw. Discuss with your friend what

you have learnt.

Block letters are capital letters that are made of strokes of the same

thickness.When the block letters are in 3D (3 dimensional), it means that

they have width, height and depth.

Quick reminder

Activity 3 Designing and constructing 3D Roman block letters

What you need

• Pencil

• Drawing paper

• Ruler

• Eraser

What to do

1. Observe pictures and videos on how to design and construct a 3D

Roman block letter from this link: https://youtu.be/qBm1vFTPIlw.

2. Follow the steps below to design and construct 3D Roman block letters.

a) Using a pencil, write capital letter ‘H’ on the drawing paper. Ensure

the letter is large enough.

b) Draw rectangular outlines around the letter as shown below. The

letter must have the same width. It should also have stokes on the

edges called serifs.

c) Draw over the block outlines using a pen as shown below and leave

the ink to dry. Ensure that the lines are clear and smooth.

d) Erase the initial pencil markings leaving the block outline.

e) From the corners of the letter, draw short diagonal lines to create

the 3D effect.

f) Connect the ends of the diagonal lines. You can use horizontal,

vertical and curved lines to connect the ends of the diagonal lines as

shown below.

g) Display the 3D Roman block letter you have drawn and talk about

it.

h) Store your materials well for future use. Keep your 3D Roman block

letters for use in the next activity.

Design and construct 3D Roman block letters of your name and display

them in the classroom. See the example below.What do you like about

the letters you have designed? What do you like about the letters

Have fun

The way letters are shaped, textured and spaced makes them look

special. Letter spacing, texturing and shaping make up the elements of

graphic design.

We can construct 3D Roman block letters using free hand.This means

using the hands, ink, paper and pen to construct the letters.We can also

use tools such as rulers and stencils to help us in constructing the letters.

Quick reminder

Activity 4 Decorating 3D Roman block letters

What you need

• Pencil

• Coloured pencils

• Small buttons

• Glue

• Eraser

What to do

1. Look at the 3D Roman block letters below.Talk about the methods that

have been used to decorate the letters.

2. Decorate the 3D Roman block letters you constructed in the last

activity using any of the methods you have discussed.

3. Display your decorated 3D Roman block letters for your friends to see.

As a class,discuss your decorations.Talk about what you like about your

individual letters and those of your friends. Give each other feedback on

how you can improve your decorations.

4. Take pictures of your decorated letters for future reference.

5. Store your materials safely for future use.

The following methods can be used to decorate 3D Roman block letters.

a) Colouring – You can apply colour to the letters using crayons or

coloured pencils.

b) Painting – You can paint the letters using ink or paint.

Quick reminder

c) Cross hatching – You can decorate the letters by drawing lines to

create light and dark effect.

d) Dotting –You can use dots to create appealing patterns on the letters.

e) Texturing – You can create different textures such as rough, smooth

and shiny on the letters using a pencil.

f) Shading – You can alternate the tone of the colour on the letters by

making some parts darker or lighter.

g) Sticking objects – Using glue, you can stick small objects such as

buttons to create attractive patterns on the letters.

colouring painting cross hatching dotting

texturing shading sticking objects

With the guidance of your parent or guardian, design cards with

encouraging messages for children in the nearby hospitals.You can also

design messages for the elderly in your community.

Pay visits and present the cards to the sick children or the elderly people.

Learning at home

1. What are block letters?

2. Name three things that make letters look special.

3. State two methods which one can use to construct block letters.

4. How can you create the 3D effect on block letters?

5. Give three tools that one can use to construct 3D Roman block

letters.

6. State ﬁve methods in which one can decorate 3D block letters.

Test yourself

Book craft

Book jacket

A book jacket is the removable outer cover of a book. It is usually printed

with text and an illustration.The book jacket has folded ﬂaps that hold it

to the front and back of the book.

A book jacket has the following important functions.

a) To make the book look attractive.

b) To protect the inside of the book from getting damaged.

Book jackets can be made from heavy paper or cloth.

Activity 1 Observing samples of book jackets

What you need

• Actual samples of book jackets

• Digital devices such as a smartphone, computer, laptop or tablet

• Internet connectivity

What to do

1. Observe the samples of book jackets that your teacher will show you.

Talk about the book jackets you have seen by answering the following

questions.

a) What are the book jackets made of?

b) What decorations are on the book jackets?

c) Which book jackets do you like? Why do you like them?

2. Look at the pictures below. Describe the book jackets shown below.

3. Using a digital device, look at pictures of book jackets made of fabric

using this link:

https://tinyurl.com/3urvukax.

4. Discuss with your friend the materials used to make the book jackets

you have seen.

Ask your parents or guardians for old T-shirts or fabrics that you can

take to school for use in the next activities.

Remember

Activity 2 Designing a book jacket

What you need

• Pencil

• Ruler

• Cutting tools like a pair of scissors

• Drawing paper

• Fabric from old clothes

• The book you want to cover

What to do

1. Measure the length and width of the face of your book. Measure the

width of the spine.

2. Transfer the measurements to the drawing paper as shown in the

diagram below.

Length

Width

Spine

length length

back

front

width

spine

3. On the paper, draw a larger rectangle around the rectangle made by

the book measurements.Add 5 cm all round the book measurements.

length length

back

front

width

spine

4. Transfer your drawing onto the fabric.Then cut the fabric around the

marked areas.

5. Shape the four corners as shown in the diagram below.Make a triangular

cut at both ends of the spine area.

6. Sew the along rectangular area made by the actual book measurements.

7. Display and discuss your work with your friends. Suggest ways in which

you can improve your work.

A book jacket has three main parts: front cover, spine and back cover.

Quick reminder

Decorating fabric using the appliqué method

Appliqué is a decorative method in which pieces or patches of fabric in

different shapes and patterns are sewn or stuck onto larger fabrics.

Activity 3 Decorating a book jacket using the appliqué method

What you need

• Pencil

• Drawing paper

• Pair of scissors

• Fabric

• Needles

• Glue

• Strings or threads

What to do

1. Use a pencil to draw the design of the decoration on paper. The

decoration could be in the form of a shape, number and letter or

drawings of animals or people.

2. Cut out your design from the paper along the lines of your drawing.

3. Turn your fabric so that the wrong side is up.Apply glue on the shape

you have cut out of paper and stick it on the fabric as shown below.

4. Cut the fabric out along the shape stuck on it.

5. Peel out the paper design from the fabric.The cloth design is now ready

for use.

6. Make more decorations from fabric using the same method.

7. Once you have ﬁnished making all your decorations, sew them onto

the book jacket you made in the previous activity.You can match the

thread colour with that of the cut out fabric or you can use a thread of

a different colour.

8. Finish sewing the decorations on both the front and the back covers.

9. Cover your book using the decorated book jacket.The extra length of

the fabric at the sides makes up the ﬂaps of the book jacket.

front cover

back cover

10.Display and talk about your decorated book jackets. Discuss with your

friend what you like about your book jackets. Give each other feedback

on how you can improve your decorations.

11.Clean the working area. Keep the remaining fabrics well for future use.

12.Wash your hands using soap and clean water.

Old clothes or fabrics can be re-used to make book jackets.

When using cutting tools or sharp items like needles, observe safety

measures to avoid injuring yourself or others.

Quick reminder

Make book jackets using fabric and decorate them using the appliqué

method. Show your parents or guardians the book jackets you have

made.

Have fun

With your friends and under the guidance of your parents or guardians,

make more book jackets and sell them. Donate the money you have

generated to worthy causes in your community such as environmental

conservation.

Learning at home

1. What is a book jacket?

2. Name two materials that can be used to make a book jacket.

3. Name the three parts of a book jacket.

4. Which three tools can be used in making book jackets?

5. Give one method that can be used to decorate a book jacket.

6. State two functions of book jackets.

7. In which ways can you use the money you generate from selling

book jackets?

Test yourself

Puppetry

Puppetry is the art of making and manipulating puppets in a stage

performance. Puppets are toys that are manipulated to imitate, act or

perform just like animals or human beings. The person who manipulates

the puppets is called a puppeteer.

There are different types of puppets depending on how they are manipulated

to perform. One of the major groups of puppets are called marionettes.

Marionettes

A marionette is a puppet that is controlled from above using wires or

strings. Marionettes are also called string puppets.

These types of puppets are usually made out of wood or clothes. They

usually show the full body from the head to the feet.They have loose joints

for easy manipulation.

Activity 1 Observing and identifying marionettes

What you need

• Samples of marionettes

• Digital devices such as a tablet, computer, laptop or smartphone

• Internet connectivity

What to do

1. Observe the samples of marionettes that your teacher will show you.

Discuss the marionettes using the following guiding questions.

a) What are the main features of a marionette?

b) How do marionettes differ from the glove puppets that you made in

Grade 4?

2. Look at the pictures of puppets below and answer the questions that

follow. Talk about them by answering the questions below.

a) Which ones are marionettes?

b) Why do you classify them as marionettes?

3. Watch video clips of puppeteers manipulating marionettes from the

following links:

Link 1: https://youtu.be/hyR3zaooZ0w

Link 2: https://youtu.be/GNXexixPI9w.

4. Discuss with your friend how the marionettes you have observed are

operated.

a) Puppets are used to educate, inform and entertain people.

b) A puppet is a movable ﬁgure which represents a person or an animal.

It is controlled by a puppeteer.

c) A marionette is a type of puppet which is manipulated using wires or

strings.

Quick reminder

Constructing marionettes

When constructing marionettes observe the safety measures below.

1. Handle the cutting tools carefully. If you mishandle them, you may

cause injury to yourself or to others.

2. When passing cutting tools to each other, avoid throwing them at

each other as this will cause accidents.

3. Be patient when someone else is using the tool you need. Fighting for

tools can cause accidents.

Safety measures

Activity 2 Making a marionette

What you need

• Cardboard or soft wood • Coloured pencils, crayons or paint

• Paintbrushes • Rulers

• Pencils • Drawing paper

• Carving tools • Old clothes

• Needle • Strings

• Thread • Cutting tools

• Glue • Masking tape

• Sticks • Internet connectivity

• Digital devices such as a tablet, smartphone, laptop and computer

What to do

1. Watch a video clip on how to make a marionette from this link:

https://youtu.be/eLa2-zOr-Fg.Discuss in groups what you have observed

in the video. Talk about how to make a marionette and the materials

required.

2. In your groups, decide on the type of marionette you would like to

construct. Follow the steps below to construct a marionette.

a) Using a ruler, mark the measurements of the main parts of your

marionette on the drawing paper.Sketch each part of the marionette

on the paper then draw it on a cardboard or soft wood.

b) Decorate the sketch using coloured pencils, crayons or paint.

c) Cut out the pieces that make up the marionette’s body using a pair

of scissors.

d) Shape the various body parts to ensure the details such as the face

are accurate and proportional. Smoothen the edges of the parts

using sandpaper.

e) Using a sharp pointed tool, make small holes on all the body parts as

shown in the picture below. Use strings to attach the joints together.

The joints should be ﬂexible enough for the limbs to move easily.

f) Dress up the marionette with the clothes you chose when designing

it. Stitch the clothes well to ensure that they do not fall off when the

marionette is being manipulated.

g) Make a control bar by joining two pieces of wood together in a ‘X’

shape using the masking tape as shown in the picture below.

h) Attach the strings to the main parts of the marionette’s body.

i) Connect the strings to the control bar. Tie the string extending

from the shoulders to the centre of the control bar. Tie the strings

connected to the limbs to the arms of the control bar.

j) Manipulate your marionette using the control bar to make movements.

k) Clean your working area and store your materials for future use.

l) Wash your hands with soap and clean water.

3. Display your marionette for your friends to see. Discuss your work and

show each other how to manipulate your marionettes. Give each other

feedback on how you can improve your marionettes.

You can use different materials to make marionettes. Other than

cardboard,you can use soft wood,clay and old fabrics. Always remember

to observe safety measures when using sharp objects like nails and

cutting tools.

Quick reminder

Activity 3 Performing a singing game using a marionette

1. In groups, select a singing game song. Each group member should

practise their part well.

2. Use the marionette you made in Activity 2. Practise how

to manipulate the marionette using the strings to

perform each of the roles of the group members in turns.

Sing as the marionette makes the various movements so

that it appears as though it is singing and dancing to the

rhythm of the song.

3. Give feedback to each other on how to improve the

manipulation of the marionette so that its movement

corresponds to the actions in the singing game.

4. Take turns to manipulate the marionette as your group members

perform the following song.

My friend Charo has two hands,

Two little hands that clap, clap, clap.

My friend Charo has two feet,

Two little feet that stamp, stamp, stamp.

Hear the two hands of my friend Charo,

Clap, clap, go clap, clap,

Hear the two feet of my friend Charo

Stamp, stamp, go stamp, stamp.

When one beats both the hands and feet,

Puppet likes to dance, puppet likes to dance,

When one beats both the hands and feet,

With my puppet, we will start to dance

Clap, clap, clap! Stamp, stamp, stamp!

With your friends at home, design and make marionettes. These can

be in the form of different animals or people. Use the marionettes to

perform songs, dances or plays for your entertainment.

Have fun

1. What is puppetry?

2. What are marionettes used for?

3. This is Kendi’s marionette.She wants to play with her marionette but

it has a problem.

a) Show Kendi where the problem is in her marionette.

b) How can you ﬁx the marionette so that Kendi can play with it?

Test yourself

Photography

Photography is the art of taking pictures using a camera. The pictures

could be used to tell a story or pass messages on important issues in our

society. Pictures are also used to document or record important events and

memories in our lives.

Activity 1 Observing and identifying elements of photography

What you need

• Samples of photographs

• Digital devices such as tablet, computer, smartphone and laptop

• Internet connectivity

What to do

1. Look at the photographs your teacher will provide.Discuss the following

about the photographs.

a) What do the photographs show?

b) What message are the photographs passing?

c) Why do you think the photographs were taken?

2. Look at the photographs below and answer the questions that follow.

a) Which image is clear? Why do you think it is clear?

b) Which image is not clear? Why do you think it is not clear?

3. Using a digital device, look at any photographs on the internet. Your

teacher will guide you. Discuss things you can see in the background,

centre and front of the photographs.

Elements of photography

Any good photograph must exhibit the following elements.

1. Focus – this is what draws or attracts a person to the photograph. It

includes the quality of the photograph and the details in it.

2. View point – This refers to the position from which the photograph was

taken. The three points of view when taking a photograph are:

a) looking down – The photographer is in the air and viewing the scene

from above

b) looking up – The photographer is laying on the ground while looking

up at the scene

c) straight on – The photographer is standing and looking directly at

the scene

3. Lighting – Good lighting ensures all the details in the photograph are

clear.

4. Framing –This refers to how the forms within the frame of the photograph

are placed.

5. Composition – This refers to how the elements of the photograph are

arranged.Composition brings together all the elements discussed above

to create an interesting picture.

Activity 2 Identifying elements of photography

1. Look at the photographs below and discuss the following.

a) What is the focus of the photograph?

b) From which viewpoint was the photograph taken?

c) How is the lighting in the photograph?

d) How are the forms in the photograph placed?

e) Comment on the composition of the elements in the photograph.

2. Look around at other photographs in your school or from the teacher’s

samples. Observe the details in the photographs and discuss them using

the ﬁve points in step (1) above.

3. Share your feedback with your friends.

Activity 3

Taking photographs on pertinent and contemporary

issues (PCIs)

What you need

Digital camera or smartphone or tablet with a good camera

What to do

1. In groups,talk about the main issues affecting your community.Examples

of such issues include environmental pollution, poverty and abuse of

children’s rights.

PEACE!

YES

HERE

FOR

PEACE

is for

all of

WANT

PEACE

NOW

2. With the guidance of your teacher, take photographs that will capture

those issues. Make sure your photographs fulﬁll what you learnt in the

last activity under elements of photography.

3. Display and talk about your photographs. Using the knowledge you

have on elements of photography, discuss how the photographs you

have taken can be improved.

4. Store your photographs in folders on your digital device for future

reference.

There are many issues affecting the society.They include safety, waste

management, health education, life skills and ﬁnancial education.

Quick reminder

Photographs can be taken to capture these issues in order to inform

and educate the society.

During your free time, take photographs of your school, schoolmates

and classmates doing various activities. Examples of such activities

include planting trees, playing sports, cleaning the environment and

helping the needy. Put up the photographs on the school noticeboard

for other learners to see them.

Have fun

1. Always ask for permission before taking photographs of other people

or their property.

2. Do not take photographs of restricted areas such as police stations,

military barracks and airports.

Quick reminder

1. What are the ﬁve elements of photography?

2. How does lighting affect a photograph?

3. Name the important issues affecting most communities in Kenya.

4. Name the restricted places in Kenya which you are not allowed to

photograph.

5. What should you do before photographing other people and their

properties?

Test yourself

With the guidance of your parents or guardians take pictures during

important events in your family and in the community.Such events include

parties, weddings, funerals, baptism and so on. Store your photographs

in a digital device.

Learning at home

Presentation and exhibition

Exhibition in art is the process of displaying artworks so that people

other than the artist can enjoy viewing them. Before art can be exhibited,

it has to be mounted on a suitable material.

Mounting artwork

Mounting is the process of sticking artwork to a larger and stiffer material

so that it can be displayed for others to view.There are different ways of

mounting artwork such as matt mounting which was covered in Grade 4

and window mounting.

Window mounting

Window mounting is the process of placing an artwork between two

pieces of materials. The ﬁrst piece of material is the base on which the

artwork rests. The second piece acts as a window through which the

artwork is viewed.

Front part

Back part

Activity 1 Discussing samples of window mounted artwork

What you need

• Actual samples of window mounted artworks

• Digital devices such as tablet, smartphone, computer or laptop

• Internet connectivity

What to do

1. Look at the mounted artworks provided by the teacher. Discuss the

following questions.

a) How are the pictures mounted?

b) Which materials have been used to mount the pictures?

2. Watch a video clip on pictures mounted using the window mounting

technique from the following link: https://youtu.be/voypgKRA4YM?t=40.

3. Discuss the questions below after watching the video clip.

a) How do the mounted samples look like?

b) What do you like about the window mounting technique?

4. Store the digital devices well for future use.

Activity 2

Mounting artworks on conventional surfaces using

the window mounting technique

1. You will be using sharp cutting tools for this activity.Be cautious when

using cutting tools. Keep your ﬁngers out of the way when cutting.

2. Do not point or throw cutting tools at the other learners.

3. Make sure that you store all cutting tools at the end of the activity.

4. In case of an accident, inform the teacher immediately for ﬁrst aid.

5. Do not eat, inhale or apply glue on your skin as it is harmful to your

health.

Safety measures

What you need

• Artwork that is drawn on a paper medium

• Pencils

• Rulers

• Glue

• Cutting tool such as a pair of scissors

• Manila or brown paper

What to do

1. Follow the steps below to mount an artwork on a conventional surface:

a) Using a ruler, measure the length and width of your artwork. Note

these measurements in your exercise book or on a piece of paper.

b) Take two large pieces of manila or brown paper. Measure the ﬁrst

piece of your mounting material.The mounting material has to be at

least 10 cm wider and 15 cm longer than your artwork.

c) Measure out the second piece of your mounting material. The two

pieces have to be of the same size.

d) On the piece of material that will be the base, mark measurements

that match the size of the artwork you want to mount. Leave a

margin of 5 cm of the artwork.At the bottom, leave a margin of 10

cm.

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5 cm

10 cm

5 cm 5 cm

size of the artwork

e) On the second piece, repeat step (d). This will be the top mount.

Place the piece on a ﬁrm surface and cut out the artwork area.You

should be left with a frame that has a window in the middle that is

the size of the artwork you want to mount.

5 cm

10 cm

5 cm 5 cm

window for the

artwork

f) On the bottom mount, evenly apply glue within the lines where your

artwork will be positioned.

g) Stick the artwork by gently pressing it on the bottom mount. Ensure

that the artwork goes into the exact position that was marked for it

on the bottom mount. Put it aside to dry.

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h) Once the artwork is ﬁrmly stuck to the bottom mount and the glue

has dried,carefully apply glue on the margins left around the artwork.

i) Take the top mount and carefully position it over the bottom mount.

Make sure the frame properly aligns with the artwork.The edges of

the two mounting materials should align perfectly. Press down on

the two mounting surfaces to bond them well. Put the completed

window-mounted artwork aside to dry.

2. Display and talk about your work with your friends. Talk about what

you like about your mounted artwork. Give each other feedback on

how you can improve your work.

3. Clean up your working area. Store the materials well for future use.

4. Wash your hands with soap and clean water.

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a) Conventional surfaces that can be used for window mounting include

stiff paper surfaces such as manila or brown papers.

b) Mounting artwork has two main functions.

• It helps protect the artwork from damage when being displayed.

• It makes the artwork more attractive.

c) When mounting artworks on conventional surfaces, you may use

ordinary glue.The glue is mild and will not damage the artwork or

the mounting surfaces, but strong enough to bond the artwork to the

mounting surface.

Quick reminder

1. Draw a picture of your favourite subject. This could be ﬂowers,

animals, people, physical features and so on.

2. Decorate your picture using any of the methods learnt in Art and

Craft.

3. Mount your picture using the window technique on a conventional

surface.

4. Show your classmates your window-mounted picture. Talk about

your pictures.

5. Give the picture to your parents or guardians as a thank you present.

Have fun

Activity 3

Mounting artworks on unconvectional surfaces using

the window mounting technique

What you need

• Artwork that is drawn on a paper medium

• Pencils

• Rulers

• Wood glue

103

• Cutting tools such as a pair of scissors, box cutter or saw

• Cardboard, softboard, Hessian or hardboard

For this activity, you will be handling glue. Do not eat, inhale or apply

glue to the skin or on any other part of the body. Some types of glue are

toxic and harmful to your health.

Safety measures

What to do

1. In groups, look at the pictures below.Talk about the mounting materials

used in each picture.

Plastic

Softboard

Hardboard

Hessian

2. Using the steps you learnt in Activity 2, mount your artwork on any of

the unconventional surfaces shown in step 1.

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3. Display your work and talk about it with your friends. Discuss what

you like about your work. Give each other feedback on how you can

improve your work.

4. Clean your working area and store the materials for future use.

5. Wash your hands with clean water and soap.

Take extra caution when cutting through the unconventional mounting

surfaces.These mounting surfaces require a saw to cut through. Do this

under the supervision of your teacher who will guide you on how to

correctly cut through the mounting materials.

Remember

a) Hessian is a strong, coarse fabric which is usually used to make sacks

and the material used in some sofa seats.

b) The glue used in window mounting is chosen based on the mounting

material because some adhesives are stronger than others.

c) For unconventional mounting surfaces such as cardboard, softboard,

hardboard or Hessian, it is advisable to use wood glue to stick the top

mount and the bottom mount to each other.

d) You have to let the adhesive between the bottom mount and the

artwork dry well so that the artwork is not damaged or moved out

of position when ﬁxing the top mount.

Quick reminder

Job opportunities associated with talent in Art and

Craft

Activity 4

Discussing the job opportunities associated with

talent in Art and Craft

What you need

• Digital device such as computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone

• Internet connection

105

What to do

1. Look at the pictures below and talk about them. Discuss the type of job

done by each person in the pictures.

2. Based on the topics you have covered in Art and Craft, review the skills

you have acquired so far. Relate those skills to real job opportunities.

Discuss other job opportunities associated with talent in Art and Craft

that are not covered in step 1.

3. Write down such job opportunities in your exercise books.

4. Using your digital device and with guidance from your teacher, search

for job opportunities associated with talent in Art and Craft. Add any

new job opportunities you had not written down to your list.

5. Share your list with your friends. Discuss the job opportunities you have

come up with.

106

To create an opportunity for yourself in Art and Craft, try and ﬁnd out

the skill you are good at and continue practising it. Work to improve

your skill by practising as much as you can at school and at home.

There are numerous job opportunities associated with talents in Art and

Craft.They include:

• pottery • making decorations

• painting pictures • wood carving

• drawing pictures • graphic design

• photography • mounting pictures

• weaving • puppetry

• leather work

• making pictures using techniques such as collage,montage and crayon

etching.

Quick reminder

1. Why is it beneﬁcial to mount an artwork?

2. What is window mounting technique?

3. Name two groups of materials that are used in mounting pictures

using the window mounting technique.

4. What should you consider when selecting the glue to use in window

mounting?

5. State four mounting materials that you can use when using

unconventional surfaces?

6. Why is it important to learn skills in Art and Craft?

7. Name the job opportunities associated with talent in Art and Craft.

Test yourself

107

With guidance from your parents or guardians, draw or paint pictures

at home. Decorate your pictures. You can also use a camera to take

beautiful photographs of the environment.Your parents or guardians will

help you to print out the photographs.

Mount the pictures on either conventional or unconventional surfaces.

Donate the pictures to orphans or the elderly to decorate their rooms.

You can also donate the pictures to the local hospital to decorate the

children’s ward.

Learning at home

Exhibition skills

An art exhibition is a place where artwork from one or more artists is

displayed for people to view. There are important factors to consider

when exhibiting artworks.These include lighting, labelling of the artworks,

contrast in the display background and use of the exhibiting space.

In Grade Four, you learnt some skills on how to display artworks in an

exhibition. You learnt about the importance of light in an exhibition. In

Grade Five,you will learn more exhibition skills such as labelling,placement,

use of space and contrast in backgrounds.You will also learn why these

factors are important.

Placement and labelling of artworks for exhibition

Activity 1 Placement and labelling of artworks for exhibition

What you need

• Digital device such computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone

• Internet connectivity

108

What to do

Using a digital device and with the guidance of your teacher, search for

pictures of art exhibitions involving 2D and 3D artworks on the internet

Observe the pictures and answer the questions below.

a) How has the 2D artwork been placed and labelled?

b) How has the 3D artwork been placed and labelled?

c) Is there any difference in how 2D and 3D artworks are placed and

labelled?

a) Labelling the artwork provides the viewer with key information about

the work. Such information include.

• Name of the artist or creator of the work

• Title of the artwork

• The date when the artwork was created

• Medium on which the artwork is created.

b) It is advisable to use an ink pen or permanent marker in large, neat

and clear writing.This will ensure the label is visible from a distance.

c) The paper on which the label is written should support itself on a ﬁrm

surface such as a table or bench.

Quick reminder

Activity 2 Creating labels for the artworks

What you need

• Strong paper such as manila paper

• Scissors

• Ink or marker pens

What to do

1. Follow the steps below to prepare the labels for the artworks.

a) Using a pair of scissors, cut strips of manila paper of about 10 cm by

10 cm.

109

b) Fold the strips of paper lengthwise into two equal parts.

c) On one side of the folded paper, write the following information in

large letters:

• name of the artist

• title of the artwork

• year when it was created

• size of the artwork

• material or medium on which the artwork is created.

2. Display your labels for your friends to see. Discuss what you like about

your labels and those of your friends. Give each other feedback on how

you can improve the labels.

Activity 3 Displaying the artworks

What you need

• 2D and 3D completed artworks

• Exhibition room

• Wood

• Hammers

• Saws

• Nails

What to do

1. With the guidance of your teacher, follow the steps below to prepare

your exhibition space.

110

a) Select an exhibition space. The space should be well lit, clean and

large enough to hold all the exhibition stands.This could be an art

room,classroom,hall or any other dedicated room which is available.

b) Prepare a plan for your exhibition space. Consider the following

factors.

i) How many display stands do you need?

ii) How large will each display stand be?

iii) How will you arrange your display stands around the room?

iv) How will you group your artworks on the display stands?

v) For the artworks to be displayed on the walls, what glue will you

use?

vi) What background do you want against the artworks on the wall?

c) Collect all materials needed to prepare the exhibition space.

d) Use the materials to build the display stands.Your teacher will guide

you.

e) Arrange the display stands around the room as per your plan.There

should be enough space for the viewers to move around the room

easily.

f) Arrange the artworks on the display stands.The artworks should be

appropriately grouped and labelled.

111

g) Mount some of the artworks on the walls with the right adhesive.

Artworks mounted on the walls should be properly spaced and

grouped based on the picture making technique used.

2. Once all the artworks have been arranged,clean up the exhibition space

and put away the tools in the right places.

a) In an exhibition, artworks are grouped by the medium and the

technique used. This creates order, eases organisation and makes it

easier to direct the viewers to particular displays.

b) The arrangement also ensures that artworks do not get misplaced or

lost.

c) Artworks must be displayed in the most appealing way to attract

viewers.

d) A contrasting background ensures the artwork stands out and does

not blend into the wall. Artworks with dark backgrounds should

be displayed against a light-coloured wall while those with light

backgrounds should be on a dark-coloured wall.

e) Do not damage the walls when putting up the artworks.Use glue that

does not damage the paint on the walls.

Quick reminder

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f) The display stands should be stable, have enough space for holding

the artworks and should be at the right height.

Art business ideas

Art and Craft is a fun way to express creative ideas. One can use these

skills to start and run an art business.

You should only access websites that your teacher, parents or guardians

have approved. Some content from the internet could damage your

digital device. There are also criminals who use the internet to harm

others.

Safety measures

Activity 4 Identifying Art and Craft business ideas

What you need

• Digital devices such as computer, tablet, laptop or smartphone

• Internet connectivity

What to do

1. With guidance from your teacher, search the internet for business ideas

involving Art and Craft.You can also get more ideas from the following

link: https://www.kiberacreatives.org.

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2. Make a list of all the ideas you have identiﬁed. Discuss each idea to

determine its suitability. Identify the most suitable idea for you based on

the following questions.

a) Do you enjoy doing the activity?

b) Have you mastered the skills required for the activity?

c) What materials do you need for the activity?

d) Are the materials easily available in your local area?

e) Is there a good market for the items you will make in your local

area?

3. List the ideas that you ﬁnd most suitable for you.

4. Share your ideas with the rest of the class.Talk about the business idea

or ideas that you have chosen. Give each other feedback.

a) You should evaluate the business idea you choose to see if it is suitable

for you.

b) Once you have mastered how to make good items, you can explore

other selling methods such as the internet. Ensure you involve your

teacher, parents or guardians when using the internet.

c) One of the business ideas is to train other people in the various skills

in Art and Craft.

d) You should take care of the environment as you carry out your

business activities. This is because the environment is the source of

most materials that you need in Art and Craft.

Quick reminder

Art appreciation

To make the variousArt and Craft items requires a lot of effort.Throughout

Grade Five, you have put in effort to do many projects in areas such as

picture making, pottery, leather work, fabric decoration and photography.

Appreciating your work and that of your classmates is important. It helps

to boost your self-conﬁdence as an artist. It provides you with helpful

feedback that you are mastering your skills in Art and Craft.

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Activity 5 Appreciating own and others’ artworks

What you need

Exhibition room with all the completed artworks on display

What to do

1. Walk around the exhibition room and look at your artworks and those

of your classmates.

2. Talk to your classmates about their artworks. Tell them what you like

about their work.Talk about the ideas expressed in their artworks.

3. Think about the good things said by your classmates about your work.

How does that make you feel?

When appreciating others’ work, use positive statements and words such

as:

• The colours blend well in this painting.

• The objects are well balanced in this landscape.

• The cross-hatching shading is well done in this object. I clearly see

the light and dark areas.

Remember

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Do the activity with your friend to help you improve your way of

appreciating art. Remember to be respectful and to use positive

statements.

a) Take a few artworks from the various activities you have completed

in Grade Five. This could be from the picture making, sculpture,

pottery, weaving, leather work and photography activities.

b) Talk about each other’s work. Start your conversations with this

question: What do you think of this artwork?

c) Avoid giving feedback in one-word responses such as ‘good’ or ‘nice’.

Instead, use the art vocabulary you have learnt in Grade Five to

express yourself. Describe the artwork in terms of tone, texture,

proportion, use of space, balance, blending of colours or creation of

depth.

Have fun

1. What is an art exhibition?

2. Design and draw a suitable label for an artwork.

3. Why do you need to label an artwork during an exhibition?

4. Give two examples of 2D artworks and two examples of 3D artworks.

5. State three things that an artist should consider when arranging

artworks for an exhibition.

6. Give three features of a good artworks display stand.

7. Why do you group artworks based on medium and technique during

an exhibition?

8. Give ﬁve business ideas involving Art and Craft.

9. What factors should one consider when deciding on a business idea

involving Art and Craft?

10.What should one observe when appreciating other people’s

artworks?

Test yourself

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a) Your teacher, parents or guardians will guide you to host an artwork

exhibition at the community centre or any other suitable location.

Buy our

artworks!

We need

MONEY TO

BUY TREE

seedlings.

b) Invite the local community to come to the exhibition.

c) Sell your artworks during the exhibition. Use the money to buy tree

seedlings. Plant trees in your community.

Artwork exhibition