KNOW MORE
ART AND CRAFT
GRADE 5
LEARNER’S BOOK
Francis Muthomi
Debora Mony
This book belongs to:
............................................................................................................
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encouraging African writers. If you suspect it has been copied or
pirated, please contact the publishers.
Write to: info@storymojaafrica.co.ke
Or:
Storymoja
PO Box 264 – 00606
Sarit Centre, Nairobi, Kenya.
Storymoja books are published by No Boundaries Ltd., an ethical
indigenous company formed by a collective of writers committed to
promoting African writing of world-class standards.
© Francis Muthomi and Debora Mony, 2021
Edited by Movine Nyanchoka and Mathew Sang
Design and layout by Angela Mwikali and Abulitsa George
Cover design by Abulitsa George
First published in 2021 as a Storymoja imprint by No Boundaries Ltd.,
PO Box 264 – 00606, Sarit Centre, Nairobi, Kenya.
Reprinted 2022
ISBN 978-9966-62-381-2
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or
utilised in any form by any means electronic or mechanical – including
photocopying and recording – or by any information storage and
retrieval system without written permission from the publishers.
Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any
has been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will be pleased to
make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
Contents
1. Picture making techniques .................................................... 1
Drawing........................................................................................................... 1
Cross-hatching technique ........................................................................... 6
Crayon etching.............................................................................................. 10
Painting............................................................................................................ 18
Collage ............................................................................................................ 27
2. Indigenous Kenyan crafts....................................................... 33
Weaving........................................................................................................... 33
Leather work ................................................................................................. 45
Pottery............................................................................................................. 53
Sculpture.......................................................................................................... 62
3. Design, mixed media and technology................................... 69
Graphic design............................................................................................... 69
Letter construction....................................................................................... 69
Book craft....................................................................................................... 77
Puppetry.......................................................................................................... 84
Photography................................................................................................... 92
4. Presentation and exhibition................................................... 97
Exhibition skills .............................................................................................. 107
1
What is still-life drawing? Tell your friend.
Drawing is an act of making pictures or diagrams on a surface using
pencils, crayons, pens or anything that leaves a mark.
Still-life drawing is a drawing that depicts lifeless (inanimate) objects
such as a house, cup or car.
A still-life drawing
Even though plants are living, they are considered inanimate as they
cannot move from one place to another on their own.
Remember
Still-life drawing
Activity 1 Observing samples of still-life compositions
What you need
• Samples of still-life drawings, both actual and digital
• Digital devices such as a computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone
Picture making techniques
1
Drawing
2
What to do
1. Study samples of still-life compositions in groups and describe them.
2. Look at the pictures below. Describe what you see.
A B
3. On a digital device, type Examples of still-life drawings and search.
You can also use this link: http://tiny.cc/86nxsz. Observe the still-life
drawings displayed and discuss the questions below.
a) How do the still-life drawings look like?
b) How can you create still-life compositions like the ones in the
pictures?
Activity 2
Creating a still-life composition using the
smudging technique
What you need
• Dry media such as pencils, chalks and charcoal
• Crayons
• Drawing book or paper
• Various types of fruits
• Erasers
What to do
1. Get three samples of fruits. The fruits should
be of varying shapes, sizes and textures, for
example, an apple, a banana and a pineapple.
3
2. Arrange the three fruits in a way that pleases you. Ensure light can
reach them.Walk around your composition and observe it from different
angles.
3. Carefully follow the steps below to draw your set-up.
a) Sketch the shapes of your fruits.
b) Look at your fruits. Note the parts that are directly exposed to the
light and the parts that are not. Start by shading the parts that are
not directly exposed to the light.
c) Continue shading until you achieve the light and dark effects on
your drawing.
4. Display and talk about your still-life drawing with your friends. Discuss
the following questions.
a) What do you like about your still-life drawing?
b) What do you like about the still-life drawings of your friends?
4
c) How can you improve your drawing?
When shading, it is important to be keen on:
a) the direction from which the light is falling on the objects
b) the shadows formed by the objects.
Remember
5. Clean your working area and store the learning materials for future
use.
The following information will guide you in creating your compositions.
Read the information and discuss with your classmates.
Elements of art
1. Lines – Lines can be vertical, horizontal, diagonal, curved, continuous
or broken when used in a drawing.
2. Texture –This is the feel or the appearance of a surface on a drawing.
How smooth or rough are the fruits in your drawing?
3. Value – This is the lightness or darkness of colours. White is the
lightest value and black is the darkest. How light or dark are the fruits
in your drawing?
4. Form – This means something that is three-dimensional (3D) and
encloses volume. A form has length, width and height. What is the
form of the fruits in your drawing?
Principles of art
1. Balance – When all elements of art are well captured in a drawing,
then balance has been achieved.This means, one side of the object
does not seem heavier than the other.
2. Proportion – This is the relative size of an object compared to
another object in a pictorial composition. In your drawing, how are
the fruits different from each other in terms of size?
Quick reminder
5
3. Rhythm and movement – This is used to create the impression
of action in a work of art. As you get ready to draw your still-life
composition, note where the light is coming from. This will help you
to decide how to lay out your papers and where the shadows will
appear.
1. How can you create light and dark effect in a drawing using the
smudging technique?
2. How can you create texture in drawing?
3. Why is it important to note where the light is coming from when
creating still-life drawings?
Test yourself
During your free time, make still-life drawings using the smudge
technique. Use the still-life drawing to decorate a children's home in
your community.
Learning at home
6
Cross-hatching technique
Hatching is a process of shading using closely drawn parallel lines. In
cross-hatching, the artist draws a second layer of lines over the ﬁrst set
in the opposite direction.This creates a mesh-like look.
Activity 1
Observing still-life drawings created using the
cross-hatching techniques
What you need
Digital devices (such as a computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone) with an
internet connection
What to do
1. Observe and describe the following pictures in groups.
A B
2. Watch a video clip on hatching and cross-hatching using the following
link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gu4ed20R6Fu. Observe how
the artist uses the cross-hatching technique to shade the various objects.
3. Discuss the questions below based on what you have observed in the
video.
a) How is cross-hatching achieved?
b) What effect does cross-hatching have on the objects?
7
Activity 2
Using the cross-hatching technique to draw
cylindrical forms
What you need
• Drawing book or paper
• Dry media such as pencils, charcoal and chalks
• Crayons
• Erasers
What to do
1. Sketch the outline of two overlapping cylinders using a pencil or any
other dry media. See the sketch below.
2. Determine the direction from which light hits the cylinders.This will help
you ﬁgure out which areas of the cylinders should have light shading
and which areas need dark shading.
3. Draw lines on the areas where shadows fall on the cylinders.The lines
should cross each other so that they form a mesh-like look.
8
4. Continue shading until you get the desired light and dark effect. Erase
any unnecessary marks you may have made.The ﬁnal drawing should
look like the one shown below.
5. Store the remaining materials such as drawing papers, pencils, charcoal
sticks and erasers for future use.
6. Display your work for your friends to see. Respond to the following
questions about each other’s work.
a) What same features do your drawings have?
b) What can you do to improve your drawings?
a) When cross-hatching, lines are closely spaced. A darker effect is
achieved.When they are widely spaced, a lighter effect is achieved
b) The cross-hatching technique is used to create texture, value and the
effect of light and form.
Quick reminder
9
1. What is cross-hatching in drawing?
2. What is the effect of cross-hatching lines when they are:
a) closely spaced
b) sparsely spaced
3. Why is it important to store the remaining materials after drawing?
4. What materials can be reused in drawing?
Test yourself
Form an art club with your friends. Practise drawing various objects
using the cross-hatching technique to improve your drawing skills. Show
your parents or guardians your drawing and let them give you feedback.
Learning at home
10
Crayon etching
Crayon etching is the process of making an image using ink or paint and
wax crayons.
Activity 1
Observing compositions made using the crayon
etching technique
What you need
Digital devices (such as a computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone) with an
internet connection
What to do
1. Use the following link to view samples of crayon-etched pictures:
https://www.google.com/search?q=crayon+etched+samples/.
2. With your friend, discuss the pictures you have viewed. The following
questions will guide you.
a) How do the pictures look like?
b) How different are the pictures from the ones shown below?
A B
3. Observe the pictures below in groups and discuss the questions that
follow.
A B
C
11
a) How are the pictures of crayon etching different from other pictures?
b) What do you like about crayon etched pictures?
Making wax crayons using beeswax
Beeswax is the part of the honey comb that can be melted, ﬁltered and
used for making various products such as candles, crayons and soaps.
Beeswax
Activity 2 Making wax crayons using beeswax
What you need
• Beeswax
• Bottle tops
• Coloured chalks or food colour
• Grater
• Old newspapers or magazines
• Two measuring cups
• Source of heat
What to do
1. Grate the beeswax as shown below.
Grating beeswax
12
2. Take the grated beeswax and put it in a jug or a cup.
3. Crush the coloured chalks and keep them separately.
4. Place the jug with beeswax in heating water as shown below. Using a
stick, stir the melting beeswax gently.
5. When all the beeswax has melted, pour it into a few bottle tops. Keep
the rest of the melted beeswax in the hot water.
13
6. Add the crushed coloured chalk or food colour to the melted wax in
the bottle tops.
7. Stir using a toothpick or a small stick. Continue adding the coloured
chalk or food colour and stirring until you get the desired colour then
let them cool.
When mixing the food colour or crushed chalk with the beeswax, do it
with caution.The beeswax is still hot and can burn you!
Watch out
8. Repeat step 7 above using different colours of your choice. Let the wax
cool and harden.
9. As the wax cools, clean your working area and store your materials in
a safe place such as a cupboard. Clean the containers you used as well.
10. Display and talk about your improvised crayons.
14
11. Wash your hands using clean water and soap.
1. How can one make wax crayons using locally available materials?
2. What safety rules should one observe when making the
improvised crayons?
Test yourself
1. Be careful when handling sharp objects like toothpicks to avoid
injuries to yourself or your friends.
2. When improvising crayons, do not play with ﬁre. Do not get close to
the heating water to avoid getting burnt.
3. Do not put the improvised crayons in your mouth. They are harmful
to your health.
4. Melted wax can catch ﬁre. Do not heat the beeswax at a high
temperature.
5. If you are using a knife or razor blade to remove the ﬁnished crayons
from the bottle tops, be careful not to cut yourself.
Safety measures
Pictorial compositions
Activity 3 Using the crayon etching technique to create pictures
What you need
• Heavy paper such as a cardboard
• Crayons of various colours including a black one
• Old newspapers or magazines
• Toothpicks or small sharp sticks
• Black Indian ink or black tempera paint
• Paint brush
What to do
1. Watch a video clip on how to create crayon etching pictures. Use the
following link: https://youtu.be/EjKhOQC2skE.
15
2. Discuss the process you have watched in the video clip.
3. Follow the steps below to create a picture using the crayon etching
technique.
a) Spread old newspapers or magazines on your working area.
b) Place the handpaper or cardboard on the newspapers or magazines.
c) Use different colours of crayons apart from black to colour your
hard paper or cardboard.Always share crayons with your friends.
d) Using the black ink, paint over the coloured cardboard. Ensure you
paint the entire cardboard.
e) Leave the cardboard for the black ink to dry.
f) Using a toothpick or a small sharp stick,draw pictures of your choice
by scratching off the black ink on the cardboard.This will reveal the
colours underneath the black ink as shown below.
16
You can create depth in your drawing by varying the pressure you apply
on the toothpick as you scratch off the black ink. By pressing hard or
lightly, you create different depths in the drawing.
Remember
Handle toothpicks and the small sharp sticks carefully to avoid hurting
yourself or others.
Watch out
4. Display your work and discuss the questions below with your friends.
a) What do you like about your work?
b) What do you like about the work of your friends?
c) How can each one of you improve your work?
5. Clean your working area. Wash your hands using soap and clean water.
Store the remaining learning materials for future use.
a) While creating pictures using the crayon etching technique, the black
ink is scraped off and the beautiful colours underneath are revealed.
The black ink that is used to cover the crayon colours is called an
overlay.
b) The process of scratching off the black ink as one creates a picture is
called etching.
c) Black coloured crayons are not used in creating the background on
the drawing paper or cardboard.This is because when the black ink
is scratched off, it would not reveal any colour underneath to create
the lines in the picture.The lines in the picture would appear broken
thus creating an incomplete picture.
Quick reminder
17
1. What can one use to scratch off the black ink in crayon etching?
2. How do you create depth in crayon-etched pictures?
3. What is an overlay in the crayon etching technique?
4. Why are black coloured crayons not used in the crayon etching
background?
Test yourself
During your free time, create crayon etched pictures of your choice.
Sell the pictures and use the income to buy your basic needs or help the
elderly in your community.
Learning at home
18
Painting
Colour classification
Painting is the art of using a painting tool such as a paint brush to apply
colours on a surface such as paper, wood, stone or clay. Colours are usually
classiﬁed into three main groups:
1. primary colours
2. secondary colours
3. tertiary colours.
Activity 1 Identifying primary, secondary and tertiary colours
What you need
• Digital devices (such as a computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone) with
an internet connection
• Samples of objects of different colours
What to do
1. Identify the colours of the objects or items you have.
2. What is the colour of each of the following objects.
A B C D
3. Which other colours do you know?
4. Watch a video clip on primary and secondary colours on the following
link: https://youtu.be/DnPE4W3-V20.
5. Discuss the colours you have seen in the video clip by answering the
following questions.
a) Which are the primary colours?
19
b) Which are the secondary colours?
c) What is the difference between primary and secondary colours?
6. Watch a video clip on tertiary colours using the following link:
https://youtu.be/Foy3dQyHyk.
7. Discuss the tertiary colours you have seen in the video clip by answering
the following questions.
a) Which are the tertiary colours?
b) How do you create tertiary colours?
8. Classify your sample objects into primary, secondary and tertiary
colours.
Primary colours are colours from which all other colours can be obtained by
mixing. There are three primary colours.
Blue Red Yellow
Secondary colours are made by mixing two primary colours.There are
three secondary colours.
Orange
Violet
Green
Tertiary colours are a combination of a primary and a secondary colour.
There are six tertiary colours.These are red-orange, yellow-orange,
yellow-green, blue-green, blue-violet and red-violet.
Quick reminder
20
The ﬁrst name in the tertiary colour is of the primary colour while the
second is of the secondary colour used.
Red-orange
Blue-green Blue-violet Red-violet
Yellow-orange Yellow-green
1. Draw three squares in your exercise book. Colour each square with
one primary colour.
2. Draw items in your surroundings that have secondary colours.
Colour each item.
3. Which is your favourite tertiary colour? Draw an object and colour
it with the colour.
4. Talk about your work with your friend.
Have fun
Activity 2 Making secondary colours
What you need
• Red, yellow and blue paints
• Bottle tops
• White manila paper
• Paintbrush
• Water
If you are using brushes to mix paint, ensure you clean them after use.
Remember
21
What to do
1. Make a secondary colour by following the steps below.
a) Step 1: Put a drop of yellow paint in a bottle top.
b) Step 2: Add a drop of blue paint to the yellow paint.
c) Step 3: Mix the yellow and blue paint using a brush.What colour do
you get? Use the colour you have obtained to paint a square on the
white manila paper.
2. Make the other secondary colours by mixing the following colours:
a) Red and yellow paints
b) Blue and red paints
3. Use each of the colours you have obtained to paint a square on the
white manila paper.
4. When you have ﬁnished, store the remaining paints well for future use.
5. Display your manila papers and discuss your work in groups. Answer
the following questions.
a) What do you like about the secondary colours you have made?
22
b) What do you like about your friend’s work?
c) How can they improve their work?
6. Clean your working area.Wash your hands using clean water and soap.
Activity 3 Making tertiary colours
What you need
• All primary and secondary colours – red, yellow, blue, orange, violet
and green paints
• A palette or bottle top
• White manila paper
• Paintbrush
• Water
What to do
1. Make a tertiary colour using the steps below.
a) Step 1: Put a drop of yellow paint on a palette or bottle top.
b) Step 2: Add a drop of orange paint to the yellow paint.
c) Step 3: Mix the yellow and orange paints using a brush.What colour
does it form?
23
2. Use the paint you have made to paint a circle on the manila paper.
3. Using the steps above, mix the following colours to form the other
ter tiary colours. Remember to wash your brush before using it to mix
other colours.
a) Yellow and green paints
b) Blue and green paints
c) Blue and violet paints
d) Red and orange paints
e) Red and violet paints
4. What tertiary colours do you get after mixing the paints? Use each of
the colours you have made to paint a circle on the white manila paper.
5. Display the circles you have painted and talk about your work with
your friends.Answer the following questions.
a) What do you like about the tertiary colours you have made?
b) What do you like about your friend’s work?
c) How can you improve your work?
6. When you have ﬁnished, store all paints and remaining paper in the
cupboard for future use.
7. Clean your working area. Wash your hands using clean water and soap.
1. Draw three circles in your exercise book. Paint each circle with a
secondary colour.
2. Draw six circles in your exercise book. Colour the circles with the
six tertiary colours.
Have fun
a) There are three primary colours:
i) blue ii) red iii) yellow.
b) Secondary colours are made from mixing two primary colours:
i) blue + yellow = green
ii) blue + red = violet
Quick reminder
24
iii) yellow + red = orange.
c) Tertiary colours are made from mixing primary and secondary
colours.There are six tertiary colours as shown below.
i) red + orange = red-orange
ii) yellow + orange = yellow-orange
iii) yellow + green = yellow-green
iv) blue + green = blue-green
v) blue + violet = blue-violet
vi) red + violet = red-violet
Colour wheel
A colour wheel is a circle that illustrates the relationship between primary,
secondary and tertiary colours.
Activity 4 Drawing and painting a colour wheel
What you need
• Digital devices such as a computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone
• Pencils
• White manila paper
• Paints of primary, secondary and tertiary colours
What to do
1. Watch a video clip of the colour wheel using the following link:
https://youtu.be/C74NoVmiM5I?t=235.
2. Discuss the following questions with your friend.
a) Which primary colours did you see in the colour wheel?
b) Which secondary colours did you see in the colour wheel?
c) Name the tertiary colours you saw.
3. Draw a large circle on the white manila paper. Ensure that the circle is
correctly divided as per the colour wheel you observed in the video clip.
4. Colour the different portions using the correct colours. Start with
primary colours,then secondary colours and ﬁnally the tertiary colours.
25
5. Display your work and discuss the following questions.
a) What do you like about your colour wheel?
b) How can you improve your colour wheel?
c) Suggest ways you can make your friend’s colour wheel better.
6. File your work in your portfolio.
7. Clean your working area. Store the remaining materials for future use.
A colour wheel shows all the primary, secondary and tertiary
colours.
Below is a colour wheel.
Primary
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Intermediate
(tertiary)
Intermediate
(tertiary)
Intermediate
(tertiary)
Intermediate
(tertiary)
Intermediate
(tertiary)
Intermediate
(tertiary)
Primary
Quick reminder
With your siblings or friends at home, draw and paint a colour wheel.
Paint all the primary, secondary and tertiary colours in the right portions
of the wheel. Show your parents or guardians the colour wheel.
Learning at home
26
Activity 5
Creating pictures on conservation of the
environment
What you need
• Drawing paper
• Paint or crayons
• Paints brushes
• Pencils
What to do
1. Draw and paint the pictures below on your drawing paper.
2. Stick the pictures on your school’s and community’s display boards.
3. Discuss the importance of conserving the environment with your
schoolmates and members of your community.
1. Which are the three primary colours?
2. Write down the steps of making the three secondary colours.
3. How do you create a tertiary colour?
4. In which order do you name tertiary colours?
5. Fill in the correct colours in each box.
Primary colour Secondary colour Tertiary colour
Blue Green ________________
Test yourself
27
Primary colour Secondary colour Tertiary colour
______________ ________________ Yellow-green
Red Orange ________________
______________ Violet Blue-violet
Yellow ________________ _________-orange
______________ ________________ ________________
Collage
Pictorial composition
A collage is a work of art that is made from different materials such as
paper,newsprints,photographs,sand,inedible seeds,fabric and other objects
found in the environment.
Activity 1 Observing and identifying samples of collage pictures
1. Look at the collage pictures below with your friend.Discuss the questions
that follow.
a) How have the pictures been created?
28
b) How can you make collage pictures of your choice?
2. Study digital collage pictures using the following link:
https://tinyurl.com/4pdbaf4r.
3. Talk about the pictures you have seen.
4. Store the digital devices well after use.
Mixed media collage
Activity 2 Collecting materials to make collage pictures
1. Collect the following materials from your local environment.
sand
tree bark inedible seeds
leaves
grass small stones
2. Store the materials separately. You will use them to make collage
pictures in the next activity.
a) A mixed media collage is an artwork in which more than one material
has been used.
b) Instead of throwing away seeds that cannot be eaten, we can use
them in various Art and Craft activities like making collage pictures.
However, ensure the seeds you collect are safe.
Quick reminder
29
It is important to conserve the environment because it is a source of
Art and Craft materials. Do not destroy ﬂowers or trees to get your
materials.As much as possible, use fallen leaves and cut out grass.
Remember
Activity 3 Creating mixed media collage pictures
What you need
• Sand, grass, leaves, inedible seeds, tree barks and small stones
• Manila paper or cardboard
• Old newspapers or magazines
• Gloves
• Glue
What to do
1. Look around your immediate environment.Look at the landforms,roads,
plants, farms, houses and other features around you.
2. Discuss with your friend what you can see. Select a feature, area or
object that you would like to make using a collage.
3. Follow the steps below to make your collage composition.Wear gloves
since you will be using glue.
a) Spread old newspapers or magazines on your working area. The
newspapers will prevent your working area from getting stained.
b) On manila paper or cardboard, use a pencil to sketch the feature,
area or object that you chose in step 2.
30
c) Apply glue on your sketch.
d) Start by sprinkling sand on the areas covered in soil on the ground.
Sprinkle small amounts of sand at a go to avoid wastage.
e) Tip the paper on one side so that the extra sand can fall off as
shown in the picture below.
f) Place the other materials like the leaves, tree barks, seeds and grass
on the other sections of your landscape. For the areas where heavy
materials such as seeds and tree barks are to be used, you need to
put a thicker coat of glue.
31
g) Put your collage outside to dry. Carry your collage carefully and
place it on a ﬂat surface.
4. Clean your working area as the collage is drying outside. Wash your
hands using soap and clean water. Store the remaining materials for
future use.
5. Once the collage is dry, display it in class.As a class discuss the following
questions about your work.
a) What do you like about your own collage picture?
b) What do you like about the collage pictures of your friends?
c) How can you make your collage pictures better?
a) When selecting the paper to stick your materials on, consider the
weight of the materials. Heavy materials like tree barks and pebbles
cannot be stuck on light paper because it will tear.
b) The materials should be stuck ﬁrmly and neatly on the paper or
cardboard.
c) The forms in the collage should be balanced and presented correctly.
d) The overlapping of forms should be accurate and creatively done.
Quick reminder
32
1. Name other materials in your environment that can be used to make
a collage.
2. How can you ensure heavy materials like small stones stick to the
paper properly?
3. What should be considered when selecting the paper on which to
stick materials in a collage?
Test yourself
Think of a natural feature that you like and which has been destroyed
by human activities. Make a sketch of the destroyed natural feature. Use
materials like sand, tree barks,seeds and dry leaves to make a collage of
it. Show your parents or guardians the collage you have made. Discuss
how the feature can be rehabilitated.
Have fun
With the guidance of your parents or guardians, make collage pictures
of your choice for sale during the school enterprise week. Use the money
from the sale to help the needy children in your community.
Learning at home
33
In traditional Kenyan society, different communities used various items
made using local crafts. Some of the processes used to create these crafts
include weaving, leather work, pottery and sculpture.
Weaving
Weaving is the process in which two sets of yarns or
thread are crossed over and under each other to create
usable and decorative items. The picture below shows
how the yarns and thread are woven to form an item.
The vertical yarn or thread is called the warp and the
horizontal yarn or thread is the weft.
Plain and twine weaving techniques
Activity 1
Observing items made using plain and twine
weaving techniques
What you need
• Digital devices such as a laptop, computer, smartphone or tablet
• Internet connectivity
• Samples of woven items
What to do
1. Look at the samples of the woven items that your teacher will show you.
Touch the items and describe their textures. Discuss the appearance of
the items.
2. Name the woven items shown in the pictures below. Describe how the
items can be made.
A B C
Indigenous Kenyan crafts
2
34
3. Look at the images of items made using the plain and twine weaving
techniques from the following links.
Link 1: https://images.app.goo.gl/PaAojeBDia3NLRU8A
Link 2: https://images.app.goo.gl/nAfsyPgy7R5icRxR7
4. Discuss the woven items you have seen in the pictures. What is the
difference between items made using plain weaving technique and those
made using twine weaving technique?
In plain weaving, the warp and weft threads cross at right angles so
that they form a simple criss-cross pattern as shown below.
Twine weaving involves passing two or more twisted weft yarns over
and under two or more twisted yarns.The process of twisting two yarns
together is known as twining. See the example below.
Quick reminder
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Activity 2 Selecting materials from the locality for weaving
1. Collect weaving materials from your local environment.
2. Store the materials you have collected well for use in the next activity.
1. The pictures below show examples of natural materials used for
weaving.
A
B
rafﬁa wool
C
D
grass sisal
E
F
banana ﬁbre bamboo `
Quick reminder
36
G
H
coconut water hyacinth
2. There are different types of materials used for weaving. Some of them
are stiff while others are ﬂexible.
3. Stiff weaving materials are not easy to bend.Examples include bamboo
sticks and palm leaves.
4. Flexible weaving materials are soft and are easily bent. Examples
include wool, sisal, strips of old clothes, water hyacinth and grass.
Preparing materials for weaving
Handle sharp tools with care since they can cut you or your classmates
if not handled well.
Safety measures
Activity 3 Preparing natural materials for weaving
What you need
• Natural weaving materials such as bamboo, sisal or water hyacinth
• Water
• Basin
• Knife or scissors
What to do
Form a group with your friends. Select your group leader who will ensure
that all the materials needed are available. Notify your teacher of any
issues that may arise in your group.
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Preparing stiff materials – bamboo sticks
Follow the steps below to prepare bamboo sticks for weaving.
a) Cut the bamboo stick into equal pieces of one metre long or your
desired length.
b) Split the bamboo into thin strips using a knife. Be careful not to cut
yourself or others.
c) Soak the bamboo strips in water as shown below.The strips will be
ready for use after two hours.
Preparing ﬂexible materials – reeds
Follow the steps below to prepare reeds for weaving.
a) Check to conﬁrm that the reeds are dry.
38
b) Cut the reeds into your desired length.
c) Fill a basin with lukewarm water. Do not use hot water as it will
damage the ﬁbres in the reeds.
d) Put the reeds in the warm water and let them soak for about ten
minutes.
e) After ten minutes, remove the reeds from the basin and leave them
out to dry.
1. Clean up your working area after you ﬁnish the activities.Wash your
hands using clean water and soap.
2. Store the weaving materials you have prepared safely for weaving.
Remember
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1. Name three items that can be made from weaving.
2. Name the weaving materials available in your local area.
3. Mention one item you can weave using the materials you have
mentioned in question (2) above.
4. How do you prepare the following types of materials for weaving?
a) stiff materials
b) ﬂexible materials
Test yourself
Plain weaving
Plain weaving is a process in which the weft thread (horizontal thread) is
alternatively passed over and under the warp threads (vertical threads) up
to the end of the row. See the picture below.
plain weaving
Activity 4
Weaving a two-colour ﬂoor mat using plain weaving
technique
• Weaving materials such as sisal, rafﬁa, bamboo or reeds
• Water
• Basins
• A knife or scissors
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• Ruler
• Cardboard
• Dyes of different colours
What to do
1. Sketch a circle or square on the cardboard.
2. Cut out the shape you have sketched from the cardboard.
3. Draw diagonal lines which meet at the centre of the shape you have cut
out. The lines should be 1 cm apart.
1 cm
4. Cut grooves at the edges of your cardboard. The grooves should be
about 2 cm deep.The edge cuts will hold the weaving material in place.
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5. Dye your ﬁbres using different colours. Secure the warp ﬁbre on the
grooves as you wind the ﬁbre round the cardboard loom.
6. Start passing the weft thread from the middle of the loom. Use thin
ﬁbres at the centre because the space between the warp thread is tight.
7. Continue weaving while increasing the thickness of the weft ﬁbre as you
move away from the centre of the loom.
8. Add a second colour after a few rounds of the ﬁsrt colour of the weft
thread.
9. Keep alternating the two colours to create a pattern of your choice.
10.Once you have achieved the right size of the ﬂoor mat, tie the warp and
weft threads carefully.Then cut off the edges of the warp threads. See
the example that follows.
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11.You could also tie the loose edges to create a beautiful design instead
of trimming them off. See the example below.
12.Display and talk about your mats with your friends. Give each other
feedback on your work and how you can improve your mats.
13.Clean up your working area and keep your materials in a safe place.
for future use
14.Wash your hands using soap and clean water.
In plain weaving, the wefts cross at right angles to form a crisscross
pattern. Each weft alternately goes under the warp then over up to the
end of the item being made.
Quick reminder
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Twine technique
Activity 5 Weaving using the twine technique
• Weaving materials such as sisal, rafﬁa, bamboo or reeds
• Water
• Basins
• Knife or scissors
• Ruler
• Cardboard
• Paint of different colours
What to do
1. Make a cardboard loom as instructed in Activity 4. You can make a
circular or square loom.
2. Dye your ﬁbres using different colours.
3. Secure the warp ﬁbre all round the loom.
4. Using two strips of the weft ﬁbre as shown below, start weaving by
passing one strip over the warp and the other one under.
Ensure the warps are ﬁrmly held in place on the loom as you use the
wefts to weave under and over.
5. Continue weaving until you achieve the right size of the ﬂoor mat.
6. Tie the warps and the weft carefully and trim off the loose edges.You
could also tie the loose edges in a beautiful design instead of trimming
them off.
7. Display and talk about your mats as a class. Give each other feedback
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on how you can improve your mats.
8. Store your mats and the remaining materials well for future use.
9. Clean your working areas and wash your hands with soap and clean
water.
1. Draw a picture to show the weft and warp ﬁbres in a circular woven
mat.
2. What is the difference between plain and twine weaving?
3. Why do you create grooves or cuts at the edges of the cardboard
loom?
4. Which of the two ﬁbres or threads is passed over or under the other
one when weaving?
Test yourself
During your free time, weave ﬂoor mats with your friends for decorating
your homes. You can also sell the mats and use the money you will
generate to help the needy children in your community.
Learning at home
45
Leather work
We get leather from hides and skins of animals such as goats, cows, camels
and donkeys. Various methods are used to make leather items. One of
these methods is called thonging.
Thonging method
A thong is a narrow strip of leather that is used to decorate or fasten
something.
thongs
Activity 1
Observing leather items made using the thonging
method
What you need
• Digital devices such as a computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone
• Internet connectivity
• Real items made from leather
What to do
1. Study the items in the pictures below. Discuss what the items have in
common.
A
hat
B
sandals
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C
purse
D
drum
2. Use the link https://tinyurl.com/y5wt6wr5 to watch a video clip on some
items made of leather using the thonging method. How do the items
look like? Discuss the process with your friend.
3. Store your digital devices well for future use.
Thonging is a decorative way of securing or joining the ends of some
pieces of an item together using narrow strips of leather.
The method can be used to make various leather items such as shoes,
bags, clothes, drums and pencil cases. The items are used for different
purposes.
Quick reminder
1. Name other items that can be made from leather.
2. What are the uses of the leather items you named?
Test yourself
Designing and making a leather pencil case
Activity 2 Designing a leather pencil case
What you need
• Manila paper or soft cardboard
• Piece of leather material measuring more than 30 cm by 30 cm from old
items such as jackets or bags
• Pair of strong scissors
• Glue
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What to do
1. Look at the pictures of the pencil case below and discuss the questions.
a) How can you make such a pencil case?
b) What materials can one use to make the item?
2. Follow the steps below to design a pencil case.
a) Fold a piece of manila paper or soft cardboard into the shape of the
pencil case in step 1.
b) Use glue to stick the two sides of the folded paper together so that
it stays in shape.
c) Wrap the piece of leather round the folded paper. Mark the cut off
marks on the piece of leather that will be adequate to make the
pencil case. Remember to allow some extra length for the holes. The
thong will be passed to fasten the leather.
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d) Unfold the piece of leather and place it ﬂat on the table. Cut along
the cut off marks you have marked in step (c).
e) Place the folded paper on the remaining piece of leather in a standing
position. Draw the circle on the leather that ﬁts the bottom part of
the folded paper. Remember to leave some allowance on the leather
to allow for fastening onto the cylindrical part of the pencil case.
f) Cut off the circular part from the leather along the circle you have
drawn in step (e) above.
g) Store the pieces of your pencil case together with the remaining
materials.You will use the materials in your next activity.
h) Clean up your working area.Wash and dry your hands.
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1. Be careful with cutting tools and sharp objects like scissors and the
awl.Careless use of sharp tools can lead to injuries to self and others.
2. Always handle the tools correctly to avoid accidents when working.
Safety measures
Activity 3 Preparing leather thongs
What you need
• Cutting tool such as strong scissors or knife
• Piece of leather
What to do
Using the cutting tool, cut narrow long strips of leather from a large piece
of leather. Ensure the thongs are of even thickness and adequate length.
leather thongs
Activity 4
Joining the leather pieces using the thongs to make
a pencil case
What you need
• Awl or sharp nails
An awl
• Beads
• Ruler
• Pencil
• Pair of dividers
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What to do
1. Place the pieces of leather on a ﬂat surface. Ensure the right side is up.
2. Mark a light line about 0.5 cm on both sides of the piece of cloth.
3. Do the same at the bottom and at the top. You can use a pair of dividers
to achieve uniform spacing.
4. Push an awl through or punch holes from the right on the dots. Make
holes of the desired size through the leather. You can also use nails and
a hammer to make holes. Observe safety rules. Using the awl or nail,
make holes, 1 cm apart, along the dotted lines. Ensure the holes on the
right side correspond to the holes on the left.
5. Fold the rectangular piece of leather into a cylinder and fasten the sides
using a thong.
6. Wrap the circular bottom piece of leather round the cylindrical section
of the pencil case. Mark where you should punch holes on the circular
piece. Ensure the holes on the circular piece correspond to the holes on
the bottom part of the cylindrical piece.
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7. Fasten the bottom piece to the cylindrical piece using a thong.
8. Use two thongs to make a draw string to secure the opening at the top
as shown in the picture below.
9. Use beads to decorate the thong securing the top of the pencil case.
10.Display and talk about your pencil case and those made by your friends.
Discuss the following questions.
a) What do you like about the pencil case you have made?
b) What do you like about your friend’s pencil case?
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c) What can you do to make your pencil case more beautiful?
11.Clean your working area. Store your materials well for future use.
12.Wash your hands with soap and clean water.
13.Use your pencil case to store your pencils, pens, eraser and pencil
sharpener.
Holes are punched in leather before thonging or stitching. This ensures
that there is even spacing to reduce strain on the lacing and on the
leather.
Quick reminder
1. Where do we get leather from?
2. What is thonging?
3. Name four items that can be made from leather.
4. Write down two safety measures one should observe when handling
cutting tools.
5. Draw and colour a leather item that you have designed. Make the
leather item through thonging technique.
Test yourself
Form an art club with your peers. Continue practising the thonging
technique in leatherwork. Make items you can use or give to your
siblings and friends as gifts. Examples of such items include small leather
bags for holding small items like coins, pegs and buttons.
Learning at home
53
Pottery
Pottery is the art of modelling objects using clay or other soft materials.
Pottery items are decorated through different techniques depending on the
use of the item.The pictures below show decorated pottery items.
A B
C
D
E
F G
Coiling technique
Activity 1
Observing samples of clay pots made using the
coiling technique
What you need
• Samples of items such as pots made by coiling
• Digital devices such as a computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone
• Internet connectivity
What to do
1. Study the pictures below. Discuss the questions that follow.
A B C D
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a) Describe the appearance of the pots.
b) How do you think the pots were made?
2. Observe pictures of clay items made through coiling technique. Use the
following link: https://tinyurl.com/y5t4endg.
3. Discuss the following questions with your friend.
a) How do the pots in the pictures you saw look like?
b) What do you like about the pots you saw?
Coiling is a method in which long pieces of rolled clay are placed on top
of each other in a circular way to create an item such as a pot.
Quick reminder
Draw a pot that is made using the coiling technique.Colour your picture.
Below the picture, write a caption to describe it.
Have fun
With the guidance of your parents or guardians, collect clay soil for
modelling and take it to school.
Learning at home
Activity 2 Modelling a pot using the coiling technique
What you need
• Clay
• Water
• Toothpicks or small sharp sticks
• Old toothbrush
• Rolling pin
What to do
1. Follow the steps below to make a pot using the coil technique.
a) Knead the clay on a ﬂat surface to make it soft and smooth.
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b) Roll the clay on a ﬂat surface using a rolling pin.
c) Cut a small piece of the clay and make long coils as shown below.
d) Roll several long smooth coils and place them aside. The coils should
be of the same size.
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e) Make the base of the pot using clay. It should be round as shown
below.
f) Using your incising tools such as a toothpick or a small sharp stick,
make markings on your base as shown below.
g) In a small container, mix clay dust and water to make a paste. Ensure
the clay dust and water blend well.
h) Using an old toothbrush or small stick, apply the paste to the
markings you made on the base.
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i) Place the ﬁrst coil on top of the scored base. Gently wind the coil
round the outer edge of the base as shown in the picture below.
j) Continue adding coils on top of each other. Ensure you apply the
paste of clay and water on each coil before placing a new one on
top. Cut off the excess coil at the end to ensure the pot is balanced.
k) Smoothen the coils on the inside using your ﬁngers.
l) Keep adding the coils to form a spiral shape until you achieve the
desired size of the pot.
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m) Smoothen and shape the rim of the pot and leave it under a shade
to dry. Do not put the pot under direct sunlight as that would make
it crack.
2. Display your pot for your friends to look at it. Discuss what you like
about the pots. Give each other feedback on how you can improve your
pots.
3. Clean your working area. Store the remaining clay and other materials
well for future use.
4. Wash your hands using soap and clean water.
a) To make a wider pot, use longer coils.
b) The following terms are commonly used in pottery.
i) Scoring – It is the process of making small cuts on clay using a
sharp object like a toothpick or sharp stick.
ii) Slip – It is the paste made from mixing water and clay dust. Slip
helps to hold the coils together and to the base of the pot.
iii) Smoothening – using a ﬂat piece of wood or ﬁngers to achieve
a ﬂat surface on the pot.
iv) Blending – mixing water and clay dust to form a slip of uniform
consistency.
Quick reminder
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Discuss with your friends the safety measures you should observe when
handling clay.Write down the points neatly on a manila paper. Present
the points to the class.
Have fun
Activity 3 Decorating a pot using traditional methods
What you need
• Incising tools such as toothpicks and sharp small sticks
• Coiled pot
• Small objects such as pebbles
• Coloured paint and paint brushes
What to do
1. Observe pictures of decorated clay pots. Decide how you would like
to decorate your pot. Note that some decorations such as incising are
made when the pot is still wet while others such as painting are made
when the pot is dry.
2. Make a clay pot using the coiling technique.
3. For decorations such as incising or embedding small pebbles or objects,
do it when the pot is still wet. Do it gently to avoid breaking the pot.
incising embedding small objects
4. For decorations such as drawing patterns on the pot using paint, do it
once the pot has dried.
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painting
5. Display your decorated pot in class. Discuss your pot and those of your
classmates. Talk about what you like about the pots. Give each other
feedback on how you can improve your decorations.
6. Clean your working area and store the remaining materials for future
use.
7. Wash your hands with soap and clean water.
1. Pots are decorated to make them look beautiful.
2. There are various indigenous techniques of decorating a pot. They
include incising, painting and embedding small objecs in the clay.
3. Some decorations such as incising are made when the clay is still wet.
Others such as painting are made after the clay has dried.
Quick reminder
Draw the pot that you have decorated.
Have fun
1. During your freetime,make a pot using the coiling technique.Decorate
your pot by embedding inedible seeds and small stones.
2. Put the pot under a shade to dry then decorate it further by painting
using a pattern and colours of your choice.
3. Sell the pot and donate the money to a children's home in your
community.
Learning at home
61
Zawadi wants to play a word game that reminds her of what she has
learnt in pottery. She needs to ﬁnd the following words in the word
search puzzle below.
SCORING COILING SPIRAL SLIP
BLENDING POTTERY MODEL SMOOTHEN
Help Zawadi ﬁnd the words.
S C O R I N G Y F R E
M O N E P E R S A O B
O I C A A S I S L I P
O L L T E V A H H N O
T I E H S T R O E N T
H N C P O T H E R G T
E G S P I R A L R P E
N R A N D M O D E L R
G B L E N D I N G E Y
Have fun
1. What is pottery?
2. How can clay coils be used to make a pot?
3. Deﬁne the following terms used in pottery.
a) Slip b) Smoothening c) Scoring
4. Why should pots be decorated?
5. Name three traditional decorating methods used in pottery.
6. Write down three methods you can use to decorate a clay pot.
7. State one method you can use to decorate a dry pot.
8. State one method that you can use to decorate a wet pot.
Test yourself
62
Sculpture
Sculptures are three-dimensional forms. A sculpture has height,width and
length. Sculptures can be made using various methods such as carving.
Carving
Carving is a method of removing some parts of a material such as wood or
stone to create a desired object. Examples of items that are made through
this method include cooking utensils and decorative objects.
Ask your parents or guardians to show you items at home that are
carved from wood. Observe how the items are carved. Ask your parents
or guardians questions about how such items are made.
Learning at home
Activity 1 Identifying items carved from wood
What you need
• Digital devices such as a computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone
• Internet connectivity
• Samples of carved wooden items
What to do
1. Look at the pictures below. Name the items and what they are made of.
A B C
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D E F
2. Look at the samples that your teacher will provide. Identify the items
and discuss how they can be made.
3. Watch a video clip of more items carved from wood from the following
link: https://tinyurl.com/y6rzvqry.
4. Discuss the questions below with your friends.
a) What do you like about the carved items you have observed?
b) What other items carved from wood are there in your school?
5. Store your digital devices well after use.
Observe all the wooden items in your local environment.Examples include
doors, tables and cupboards.Take note of how the items are decorated.
Share with your friends in school about the items you observed.
Learning at home
Activity 2 Carving a ladle using soft wood
What you need
• Straight piece of soft wood
• Saw
• Carving knife
• Pencil
• Sandpaper
1. Use cutting tools carefully to avoid cutting yourself or your classmates.
2. Do not play near carving tools as you could get injured by the sharp
tools.
3. Pass carving tools carefully to each other to avoid accidents.
Safety measures
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4. Do not use carving tools as play items when working as you could
injure yourself or others.
What to do
1. Follow the steps below to carve a ladle. A ladle is a wooden serving
spoon.
ladles
a) Trace the shape of a ladle on the straight piece of soft wood.
b) Cut out the ladle from the piece of wood.
c) Remove the wood in the scooping area using a carving knife to
create the bowl of the ladle. Ensure you make it as smooth as you
can to minimise the sanding which can be difﬁcult.
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d) Using sand paper, smoothen the ladle to remove the rough parts.
2. Display your ladle for your friends to see. Discuss following questions.
a) What you do like about your ladle?
b) What do you like about your friends’ ladles?
c) How can you improve your ladles?
3. Store the ladle you have made well as you will need it for the next
activity.
4. Clean up your working area and store the the materials including the
carving tools well.
5. Wash your hands with clean water and soap.
Activity 3 Decorating the ladle using traditional techniques
What you need
• Wax
• Oil
• Soft piece of cloth
• Incising tool
What to do
1. Observe the following pictures of decorated ladles. Discuss the
decorating methods used.
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A
B
C
D
2. Follow the steps below to decorate your ladle.
a) Texturing – Using a carving knife, create a texture pattern on the
back side of the ladle by carving off the wood in some places. This
creates an uneven surface as shown below.
b) Polishing – Apply beeswax on the ladle and let it dry. Once it is dry,
apply some oil to a soft cloth (you could use mineral oil, coconut oil
or linseed oil) and then rub the wax with the cloth in circular motion
until the ladle shines.
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3. Display your ladle for your friends to see. Discuss the work and give
suggestions on how you can improve your decorations.Talk about other
methods you can use to decorate your ladles.
4. Take pictures of your decorated ladles for future reference.
5. Clean up your working area and store your materials safely.
6. Wash your hands with clean water and soap.
There are different methods of decorating wooden items as discussed
below.
a) Smoking – Some parts of the wooden item are exposed to heat
making them darker than the other areas.
b) Polishing – Wax and oil are used to rub the wooden surface creating
a smooth and shiny look.
c) Texturing – Some parts of the surface are chipped off to create an
uneven surface.
d) Burning – Patterns, pictures or words are burned onto the wooden
surface creating a beautiful look.
e) Incising/engraving – A sharp tool is used to cut patterns on the wood.
f) Embossing –A beautiful pattern or design is stamped onto the wooden
surface.
Quick reminder
Make a ladle using wood. Using any of the decorating methods you
have learnt, decorate the ladle. Show your work to your friends and
talk about it.
Give each other feedback on how to improve your ladles.
Have fun
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1. What is carving?
2. Why are sculptures three-dimensional objects?
3. Name ﬁve items that can be carved from wood.
4. Give three tools used in carving.
5. Name ﬁve methods you can use to decorate wooden items.
6. Why should we help the less fortunate people in our communities?
Test yourself
With the guidance of your parents or guardians, form an art club with
your peers from the neighbouring schools. Practise carving different
types of wooden utensils. Decorate your carvings. Donate the items
you have made to the elderly in your community.
Learning at home
69
Graphic design is the art of using images, symbols or text to pass ideas or
messages to people. It involves the use of many mediums such as drawing,
painting and lettering using visual elements such as lines, colours, shapes,
texture and space.
Letter construction
Activity 1 Observing different types of letters
What you need
• Digital devices such as a computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone
• Internet connectivity
What to do
1. Read the messages in the pictures below. Discuss how the letters have
been constructed.Which tools do we use to construct the letters?
A
C
B
D
Design, mixed media and technology
3
Graphic design
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2. Using a digital device, look at the lower and upper case letters on the
following links:
Link 1: https://youtu.be/0N5HVwRBMqs
Link 2: https://youtu.be/x-lUk4LaZi0.
3. Describe the letters you have looked at by answering the questions
below.
a) How are the letters shaped?
b) What is the texture of the letters?
c) How are the letters spaced?
d) How can you construct such letters?
Using upper and lower case letters, design a “thank you” card for your
parents or guardians. In your message, tell them what you are thankful
for.
Learning at home
Activity 2 Observing and identifying 3D Roman block letters
What you need
• Digital devices such as a laptop, tablet, computer or smartphone
• Internet connectivity
• Samples of 3D Roman block letters
What to do
1. Observe and identify the block letters in the picture below. Describe the
letters.
2. Learn more about how 3D Roman block letters are made. Use the
following link: https://tinyurl.com/y57kfstw. Discuss with your friend what
you have learnt.
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Block letters are capital letters that are made of strokes of the same
thickness.When the block letters are in 3D (3 dimensional), it means that
they have width, height and depth.
Quick reminder
Activity 3 Designing and constructing 3D Roman block letters
What you need
• Pencil
• Drawing paper
• Ruler
• Eraser
What to do
1. Observe pictures and videos on how to design and construct a 3D
Roman block letter from this link: https://youtu.be/qBm1vFTPIlw.
2. Follow the steps below to design and construct 3D Roman block letters.
a) Using a pencil, write capital letter ‘H’ on the drawing paper. Ensure
the letter is large enough.
b) Draw rectangular outlines around the letter as shown below. The
letter must have the same width. It should also have stokes on the
edges called serifs.
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c) Draw over the block outlines using a pen as shown below and leave
the ink to dry. Ensure that the lines are clear and smooth.
d) Erase the initial pencil markings leaving the block outline.
e) From the corners of the letter, draw short diagonal lines to create
the 3D effect.
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f) Connect the ends of the diagonal lines. You can use horizontal,
vertical and curved lines to connect the ends of the diagonal lines as
shown below.
g) Display the 3D Roman block letter you have drawn and talk about
it.
h) Store your materials well for future use. Keep your 3D Roman block
letters for use in the next activity.
Design and construct 3D Roman block letters of your name and display
them in the classroom. See the example below.What do you like about
the letters you have designed? What do you like about the letters
designed by your friends?
Have fun
The way letters are shaped, textured and spaced makes them look
special. Letter spacing, texturing and shaping make up the elements of
graphic design.
We can construct 3D Roman block letters using free hand.This means
using the hands, ink, paper and pen to construct the letters.We can also
use tools such as rulers and stencils to help us in constructing the letters.
Quick reminder
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Activity 4 Decorating 3D Roman block letters
What you need
• Pencil
• Coloured pencils
• Small buttons
• Glue
• Eraser
What to do
1. Look at the 3D Roman block letters below.Talk about the methods that
have been used to decorate the letters.
2. Decorate the 3D Roman block letters you constructed in the last
activity using any of the methods you have discussed.
3. Display your decorated 3D Roman block letters for your friends to see.
As a class,discuss your decorations.Talk about what you like about your
individual letters and those of your friends. Give each other feedback on
how you can improve your decorations.
4. Take pictures of your decorated letters for future reference.
5. Store your materials safely for future use.
The following methods can be used to decorate 3D Roman block letters.
a) Colouring – You can apply colour to the letters using crayons or
coloured pencils.
b) Painting – You can paint the letters using ink or paint.
Quick reminder
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c) Cross hatching – You can decorate the letters by drawing lines to
create light and dark effect.
d) Dotting –You can use dots to create appealing patterns on the letters.
e) Texturing – You can create different textures such as rough, smooth
and shiny on the letters using a pencil.
f) Shading – You can alternate the tone of the colour on the letters by
making some parts darker or lighter.
g) Sticking objects – Using glue, you can stick small objects such as
buttons to create attractive patterns on the letters.
A
B
C
D
colouring painting cross hatching dotting
E
F
G
texturing shading sticking objects
With the guidance of your parent or guardian, design cards with
encouraging messages for children in the nearby hospitals.You can also
design messages for the elderly in your community.
Pay visits and present the cards to the sick children or the elderly people.
Learning at home
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1. What are block letters?
2. Name three things that make letters look special.
3. State two methods which one can use to construct block letters.
4. How can you create the 3D effect on block letters?
5. Give three tools that one can use to construct 3D Roman block
letters.
6. State ﬁve methods in which one can decorate 3D block letters.
Test yourself
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Book craft
Book jacket
A book jacket is the removable outer cover of a book. It is usually printed
with text and an illustration.The book jacket has folded ﬂaps that hold it
to the front and back of the book.
A book jacket has the following important functions.
a) To make the book look attractive.
b) To protect the inside of the book from getting damaged.
Book jackets can be made from heavy paper or cloth.
Activity 1 Observing samples of book jackets
What you need
• Actual samples of book jackets
• Digital devices such as a smartphone, computer, laptop or tablet
• Internet connectivity
What to do
1. Observe the samples of book jackets that your teacher will show you.
Talk about the book jackets you have seen by answering the following
questions.
a) What are the book jackets made of?
b) What decorations are on the book jackets?
c) Which book jackets do you like? Why do you like them?
2. Look at the pictures below. Describe the book jackets shown below.
A
B
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C
D
3. Using a digital device, look at pictures of book jackets made of fabric
using this link:
https://tinyurl.com/3urvukax.
4. Discuss with your friend the materials used to make the book jackets
you have seen.
Ask your parents or guardians for old T-shirts or fabrics that you can
take to school for use in the next activities.
Remember
Activity 2 Designing a book jacket
What you need
• Pencil
• Ruler
• Cutting tools like a pair of scissors
• Drawing paper
• Fabric from old clothes
• The book you want to cover
What to do
1. Measure the length and width of the face of your book. Measure the
width of the spine.
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2. Transfer the measurements to the drawing paper as shown in the
diagram below.
Length
Width
Spine
length length
back
front
width
spine
3. On the paper, draw a larger rectangle around the rectangle made by
the book measurements.Add 5 cm all round the book measurements.
length length
back
front
width
spine
4. Transfer your drawing onto the fabric.Then cut the fabric around the
marked areas.
5. Shape the four corners as shown in the diagram below.Make a triangular
cut at both ends of the spine area.
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6. Sew the along rectangular area made by the actual book measurements.
7. Display and discuss your work with your friends. Suggest ways in which
you can improve your work.
A book jacket has three main parts: front cover, spine and back cover.
Quick reminder
Decorating fabric using the appliqué method
Appliqué is a decorative method in which pieces or patches of fabric in
different shapes and patterns are sewn or stuck onto larger fabrics.
Activity 3 Decorating a book jacket using the appliqué method
What you need
• Pencil
• Drawing paper
• Pair of scissors
• Fabric
• Needles
• Glue
• Strings or threads
What to do
1. Use a pencil to draw the design of the decoration on paper. The
decoration could be in the form of a shape, number and letter or
drawings of animals or people.
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2. Cut out your design from the paper along the lines of your drawing.
3. Turn your fabric so that the wrong side is up.Apply glue on the shape
you have cut out of paper and stick it on the fabric as shown below.
4. Cut the fabric out along the shape stuck on it.
5. Peel out the paper design from the fabric.The cloth design is now ready
for use.
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6. Make more decorations from fabric using the same method.
7. Once you have ﬁnished making all your decorations, sew them onto
the book jacket you made in the previous activity.You can match the
thread colour with that of the cut out fabric or you can use a thread of
a different colour.
8. Finish sewing the decorations on both the front and the back covers.
9. Cover your book using the decorated book jacket.The extra length of
the fabric at the sides makes up the ﬂaps of the book jacket.
front cover
back cover
10.Display and talk about your decorated book jackets. Discuss with your
friend what you like about your book jackets. Give each other feedback
on how you can improve your decorations.
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11.Clean the working area. Keep the remaining fabrics well for future use.
12.Wash your hands using soap and clean water.
Old clothes or fabrics can be re-used to make book jackets.
When using cutting tools or sharp items like needles, observe safety
measures to avoid injuring yourself or others.
Quick reminder
Make book jackets using fabric and decorate them using the appliqué
method. Show your parents or guardians the book jackets you have
made.
Have fun
With your friends and under the guidance of your parents or guardians,
make more book jackets and sell them. Donate the money you have
generated to worthy causes in your community such as environmental
conservation.
Learning at home
1. What is a book jacket?
2. Name two materials that can be used to make a book jacket.
3. Name the three parts of a book jacket.
4. Which three tools can be used in making book jackets?
5. Give one method that can be used to decorate a book jacket.
6. State two functions of book jackets.
7. In which ways can you use the money you generate from selling
book jackets?
Test yourself
84
Puppetry
Puppetry is the art of making and manipulating puppets in a stage
performance. Puppets are toys that are manipulated to imitate, act or
perform just like animals or human beings. The person who manipulates
the puppets is called a puppeteer.
There are different types of puppets depending on how they are manipulated
to perform. One of the major groups of puppets are called marionettes.
Marionettes
A marionette is a puppet that is controlled from above using wires or
strings. Marionettes are also called string puppets.
These types of puppets are usually made out of wood or clothes. They
usually show the full body from the head to the feet.They have loose joints
for easy manipulation.
Activity 1 Observing and identifying marionettes
What you need
• Samples of marionettes
• Digital devices such as a tablet, computer, laptop or smartphone
• Internet connectivity
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What to do
1. Observe the samples of marionettes that your teacher will show you.
Discuss the marionettes using the following guiding questions.
a) What are the main features of a marionette?
b) How do marionettes differ from the glove puppets that you made in
Grade 4?
2. Look at the pictures of puppets below and answer the questions that
follow. Talk about them by answering the questions below.
A
D
B
C
a) Which ones are marionettes?
b) Why do you classify them as marionettes?
3. Watch video clips of puppeteers manipulating marionettes from the
following links:
Link 1: https://youtu.be/hyR3zaooZ0w
Link 2: https://youtu.be/GNXexixPI9w.
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4. Discuss with your friend how the marionettes you have observed are
operated.
a) Puppets are used to educate, inform and entertain people.
b) A puppet is a movable ﬁgure which represents a person or an animal.
It is controlled by a puppeteer.
c) A marionette is a type of puppet which is manipulated using wires or
strings.
Quick reminder
Constructing marionettes
When constructing marionettes observe the safety measures below.
1. Handle the cutting tools carefully. If you mishandle them, you may
cause injury to yourself or to others.
2. When passing cutting tools to each other, avoid throwing them at
each other as this will cause accidents.
3. Be patient when someone else is using the tool you need. Fighting for
tools can cause accidents.
Safety measures
Activity 2 Making a marionette
What you need
• Cardboard or soft wood • Coloured pencils, crayons or paint
• Paintbrushes • Rulers
• Pencils • Drawing paper
• Carving tools • Old clothes
• Needle • Strings
• Thread • Cutting tools
• Glue • Masking tape
• Sticks • Internet connectivity
• Digital devices such as a tablet, smartphone, laptop and computer
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What to do
1. Watch a video clip on how to make a marionette from this link:
https://youtu.be/eLa2-zOr-Fg.Discuss in groups what you have observed
in the video. Talk about how to make a marionette and the materials
required.
2. In your groups, decide on the type of marionette you would like to
construct. Follow the steps below to construct a marionette.
a) Using a ruler, mark the measurements of the main parts of your
marionette on the drawing paper.Sketch each part of the marionette
on the paper then draw it on a cardboard or soft wood.
b) Decorate the sketch using coloured pencils, crayons or paint.
c) Cut out the pieces that make up the marionette’s body using a pair
of scissors.
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d) Shape the various body parts to ensure the details such as the face
are accurate and proportional. Smoothen the edges of the parts
using sandpaper.
e) Using a sharp pointed tool, make small holes on all the body parts as
shown in the picture below. Use strings to attach the joints together.
The joints should be ﬂexible enough for the limbs to move easily.
f) Dress up the marionette with the clothes you chose when designing
it. Stitch the clothes well to ensure that they do not fall off when the
marionette is being manipulated.
g) Make a control bar by joining two pieces of wood together in a ‘X’
shape using the masking tape as shown in the picture below.
h) Attach the strings to the main parts of the marionette’s body.
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i) Connect the strings to the control bar. Tie the string extending
from the shoulders to the centre of the control bar. Tie the strings
connected to the limbs to the arms of the control bar.
j) Manipulate your marionette using the control bar to make movements.
k) Clean your working area and store your materials for future use.
l) Wash your hands with soap and clean water.
3. Display your marionette for your friends to see. Discuss your work and
show each other how to manipulate your marionettes. Give each other
feedback on how you can improve your marionettes.
You can use different materials to make marionettes. Other than
cardboard,you can use soft wood,clay and old fabrics. Always remember
to observe safety measures when using sharp objects like nails and
cutting tools.
Quick reminder
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Activity 3 Performing a singing game using a marionette
1. In groups, select a singing game song. Each group member should
practise their part well.
2. Use the marionette you made in Activity 2. Practise how
to manipulate the marionette using the strings to
perform each of the roles of the group members in turns.
Sing as the marionette makes the various movements so
that it appears as though it is singing and dancing to the
rhythm of the song.
3. Give feedback to each other on how to improve the
manipulation of the marionette so that its movement
corresponds to the actions in the singing game.
4. Take turns to manipulate the marionette as your group members
perform the following song.
My friend Charo has two hands,
Two little hands that clap, clap, clap.
My friend Charo has two feet,
Two little feet that stamp, stamp, stamp.
Hear the two hands of my friend Charo,
Clap, clap, go clap, clap,
Hear the two feet of my friend Charo
Stamp, stamp, go stamp, stamp.
When one beats both the hands and feet,
Puppet likes to dance, puppet likes to dance,
When one beats both the hands and feet,
With my puppet, we will start to dance
Clap, clap, clap! Stamp, stamp, stamp!
Clap, clap, clap! Stamp, stamp, stamp!
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With your friends at home, design and make marionettes. These can
be in the form of different animals or people. Use the marionettes to
perform songs, dances or plays for your entertainment.
Have fun
1. What is puppetry?
2. What are marionettes used for?
3. This is Kendi’s marionette.She wants to play with her marionette but
it has a problem.
a) Show Kendi where the problem is in her marionette.
b) How can you ﬁx the marionette so that Kendi can play with it?
Test yourself
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Photography
Photography is the art of taking pictures using a camera. The pictures
could be used to tell a story or pass messages on important issues in our
society. Pictures are also used to document or record important events and
memories in our lives.
Activity 1 Observing and identifying elements of photography
What you need
• Samples of photographs
• Digital devices such as tablet, computer, smartphone and laptop
• Internet connectivity
What to do
1. Look at the photographs your teacher will provide.Discuss the following
about the photographs.
a) What do the photographs show?
b) What message are the photographs passing?
c) Why do you think the photographs were taken?
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2. Look at the photographs below and answer the questions that follow.
A
B
a) Which image is clear? Why do you think it is clear?
b) Which image is not clear? Why do you think it is not clear?
3. Using a digital device, look at any photographs on the internet. Your
teacher will guide you. Discuss things you can see in the background,
centre and front of the photographs.
Elements of photography
Any good photograph must exhibit the following elements.
1. Focus – this is what draws or attracts a person to the photograph. It
includes the quality of the photograph and the details in it.
2. View point – This refers to the position from which the photograph was
taken. The three points of view when taking a photograph are:
a) looking down – The photographer is in the air and viewing the scene
from above
b) looking up – The photographer is laying on the ground while looking
up at the scene
c) straight on – The photographer is standing and looking directly at
the scene
3. Lighting – Good lighting ensures all the details in the photograph are
clear.
4. Framing –This refers to how the forms within the frame of the photograph
are placed.
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5. Composition – This refers to how the elements of the photograph are
arranged.Composition brings together all the elements discussed above
to create an interesting picture.
Activity 2 Identifying elements of photography
1. Look at the photographs below and discuss the following.
a) What is the focus of the photograph?
b) From which viewpoint was the photograph taken?
c) How is the lighting in the photograph?
d) How are the forms in the photograph placed?
e) Comment on the composition of the elements in the photograph.
A
B
C
D
2. Look around at other photographs in your school or from the teacher’s
samples. Observe the details in the photographs and discuss them using
the ﬁve points in step (1) above.
3. Share your feedback with your friends.
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Activity 3
Taking photographs on pertinent and contemporary
issues (PCIs)
What you need
Digital camera or smartphone or tablet with a good camera
What to do
1. In groups,talk about the main issues affecting your community.Examples
of such issues include environmental pollution, poverty and abuse of
children’s rights.
A
PEACE!
YES
HERE
FOR
PEACE
PEACE
is for
all of
us
WE
WANT
PEACE
NOW
B
2. With the guidance of your teacher, take photographs that will capture
those issues. Make sure your photographs fulﬁll what you learnt in the
last activity under elements of photography.
3. Display and talk about your photographs. Using the knowledge you
have on elements of photography, discuss how the photographs you
have taken can be improved.
4. Store your photographs in folders on your digital device for future
reference.
There are many issues affecting the society.They include safety, waste
management, health education, life skills and ﬁnancial education.
Quick reminder
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Photographs can be taken to capture these issues in order to inform
and educate the society.
During your free time, take photographs of your school, schoolmates
and classmates doing various activities. Examples of such activities
include planting trees, playing sports, cleaning the environment and
helping the needy. Put up the photographs on the school noticeboard
for other learners to see them.
Have fun
1. Always ask for permission before taking photographs of other people
or their property.
2. Do not take photographs of restricted areas such as police stations,
military barracks and airports.
Quick reminder
1. What are the ﬁve elements of photography?
2. How does lighting affect a photograph?
3. Name the important issues affecting most communities in Kenya.
4. Name the restricted places in Kenya which you are not allowed to
photograph.
5. What should you do before photographing other people and their
properties?
Test yourself
With the guidance of your parents or guardians take pictures during
important events in your family and in the community.Such events include
parties, weddings, funerals, baptism and so on. Store your photographs
in a digital device.
Learning at home
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Presentation and exhibition
4
Exhibition in art is the process of displaying artworks so that people
other than the artist can enjoy viewing them. Before art can be exhibited,
it has to be mounted on a suitable material.
Mounting artwork
Mounting is the process of sticking artwork to a larger and stiffer material
so that it can be displayed for others to view.There are different ways of
mounting artwork such as matt mounting which was covered in Grade 4
and window mounting.
Window mounting
Window mounting is the process of placing an artwork between two
pieces of materials. The ﬁrst piece of material is the base on which the
artwork rests. The second piece acts as a window through which the
artwork is viewed.
Front part
Back part
Activity 1 Discussing samples of window mounted artwork
What you need
• Actual samples of window mounted artworks
• Digital devices such as tablet, smartphone, computer or laptop
• Internet connectivity
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What to do
1. Look at the mounted artworks provided by the teacher. Discuss the
following questions.
a) How are the pictures mounted?
b) Which materials have been used to mount the pictures?
2. Watch a video clip on pictures mounted using the window mounting
technique from the following link: https://youtu.be/voypgKRA4YM?t=40.
3. Discuss the questions below after watching the video clip.
a) How do the mounted samples look like?
b) What do you like about the window mounting technique?
4. Store the digital devices well for future use.
Activity 2
Mounting artworks on conventional surfaces using
the window mounting technique
1. You will be using sharp cutting tools for this activity.Be cautious when
using cutting tools. Keep your ﬁngers out of the way when cutting.
2. Do not point or throw cutting tools at the other learners.
3. Make sure that you store all cutting tools at the end of the activity.
4. In case of an accident, inform the teacher immediately for ﬁrst aid.
5. Do not eat, inhale or apply glue on your skin as it is harmful to your
health.
Safety measures
What you need
• Artwork that is drawn on a paper medium
• Pencils
• Rulers
• Glue
• Cutting tool such as a pair of scissors
• Manila or brown paper
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What to do
1. Follow the steps below to mount an artwork on a conventional surface:
a) Using a ruler, measure the length and width of your artwork. Note
these measurements in your exercise book or on a piece of paper.
b) Take two large pieces of manila or brown paper. Measure the ﬁrst
piece of your mounting material.The mounting material has to be at
least 10 cm wider and 15 cm longer than your artwork.
c) Measure out the second piece of your mounting material. The two
pieces have to be of the same size.
d) On the piece of material that will be the base, mark measurements
that match the size of the artwork you want to mount. Leave a
margin of 5 cm of the artwork.At the bottom, leave a margin of 10
cm.
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5 cm
10 cm
5 cm 5 cm
size of the artwork
e) On the second piece, repeat step (d). This will be the top mount.
Place the piece on a ﬁrm surface and cut out the artwork area.You
should be left with a frame that has a window in the middle that is
the size of the artwork you want to mount.
5 cm
10 cm
5 cm 5 cm
window for the
artwork
f) On the bottom mount, evenly apply glue within the lines where your
artwork will be positioned.
g) Stick the artwork by gently pressing it on the bottom mount. Ensure
that the artwork goes into the exact position that was marked for it
on the bottom mount. Put it aside to dry.
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h) Once the artwork is ﬁrmly stuck to the bottom mount and the glue
has dried,carefully apply glue on the margins left around the artwork.
i) Take the top mount and carefully position it over the bottom mount.
Make sure the frame properly aligns with the artwork.The edges of
the two mounting materials should align perfectly. Press down on
the two mounting surfaces to bond them well. Put the completed
window-mounted artwork aside to dry.
2. Display and talk about your work with your friends. Talk about what
you like about your mounted artwork. Give each other feedback on
how you can improve your work.
3. Clean up your working area. Store the materials well for future use.
4. Wash your hands with soap and clean water.
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a) Conventional surfaces that can be used for window mounting include
stiff paper surfaces such as manila or brown papers.
b) Mounting artwork has two main functions.
• It helps protect the artwork from damage when being displayed.
• It makes the artwork more attractive.
c) When mounting artworks on conventional surfaces, you may use
ordinary glue.The glue is mild and will not damage the artwork or
the mounting surfaces, but strong enough to bond the artwork to the
mounting surface.
Quick reminder
1. Draw a picture of your favourite subject. This could be ﬂowers,
animals, people, physical features and so on.
2. Decorate your picture using any of the methods learnt in Art and
Craft.
3. Mount your picture using the window technique on a conventional
surface.
4. Show your classmates your window-mounted picture. Talk about
your pictures.
5. Give the picture to your parents or guardians as a thank you present.
Have fun
Activity 3
Mounting artworks on unconvectional surfaces using
the window mounting technique
What you need
• Artwork that is drawn on a paper medium
• Pencils
• Rulers
• Wood glue
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• Cutting tools such as a pair of scissors, box cutter or saw
• Cardboard, softboard, Hessian or hardboard
For this activity, you will be handling glue. Do not eat, inhale or apply
glue to the skin or on any other part of the body. Some types of glue are
toxic and harmful to your health.
Safety measures
What to do
1. In groups, look at the pictures below.Talk about the mounting materials
used in each picture.
Plastic
C
Softboard
D
Hardboard
A
Hessian
B
2. Using the steps you learnt in Activity 2, mount your artwork on any of
the unconventional surfaces shown in step 1.
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3. Display your work and talk about it with your friends. Discuss what
you like about your work. Give each other feedback on how you can
improve your work.
4. Clean your working area and store the materials for future use.
5. Wash your hands with clean water and soap.
Take extra caution when cutting through the unconventional mounting
surfaces.These mounting surfaces require a saw to cut through. Do this
under the supervision of your teacher who will guide you on how to
correctly cut through the mounting materials.
Remember
a) Hessian is a strong, coarse fabric which is usually used to make sacks
and the material used in some sofa seats.
b) The glue used in window mounting is chosen based on the mounting
material because some adhesives are stronger than others.
c) For unconventional mounting surfaces such as cardboard, softboard,
hardboard or Hessian, it is advisable to use wood glue to stick the top
mount and the bottom mount to each other.
d) You have to let the adhesive between the bottom mount and the
artwork dry well so that the artwork is not damaged or moved out
of position when ﬁxing the top mount.
Quick reminder
Job opportunities associated with talent in Art and
Craft
Activity 4
Discussing the job opportunities associated with
talent in Art and Craft
What you need
• Digital device such as computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone
• Internet connection
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What to do
1. Look at the pictures below and talk about them. Discuss the type of job
done by each person in the pictures.
A
C
B
D
2. Based on the topics you have covered in Art and Craft, review the skills
you have acquired so far. Relate those skills to real job opportunities.
Discuss other job opportunities associated with talent in Art and Craft
that are not covered in step 1.
3. Write down such job opportunities in your exercise books.
4. Using your digital device and with guidance from your teacher, search
for job opportunities associated with talent in Art and Craft. Add any
new job opportunities you had not written down to your list.
5. Share your list with your friends. Discuss the job opportunities you have
come up with.
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To create an opportunity for yourself in Art and Craft, try and ﬁnd out
the skill you are good at and continue practising it. Work to improve
your skill by practising as much as you can at school and at home.
There are numerous job opportunities associated with talents in Art and
Craft.They include:
• pottery • making decorations
• painting pictures • wood carving
• drawing pictures • graphic design
• photography • mounting pictures
• weaving • puppetry
• leather work
• making pictures using techniques such as collage,montage and crayon
etching.
Quick reminder
1. Why is it beneﬁcial to mount an artwork?
2. What is window mounting technique?
3. Name two groups of materials that are used in mounting pictures
using the window mounting technique.
4. What should you consider when selecting the glue to use in window
mounting?
5. State four mounting materials that you can use when using
unconventional surfaces?
6. Why is it important to learn skills in Art and Craft?
7. Name the job opportunities associated with talent in Art and Craft.
Test yourself
107
With guidance from your parents or guardians, draw or paint pictures
at home. Decorate your pictures. You can also use a camera to take
beautiful photographs of the environment.Your parents or guardians will
help you to print out the photographs.
Mount the pictures on either conventional or unconventional surfaces.
Donate the pictures to orphans or the elderly to decorate their rooms.
You can also donate the pictures to the local hospital to decorate the
children’s ward.
Learning at home
Exhibition skills
An art exhibition is a place where artwork from one or more artists is
displayed for people to view. There are important factors to consider
when exhibiting artworks.These include lighting, labelling of the artworks,
contrast in the display background and use of the exhibiting space.
In Grade Four, you learnt some skills on how to display artworks in an
exhibition. You learnt about the importance of light in an exhibition. In
Grade Five,you will learn more exhibition skills such as labelling,placement,
use of space and contrast in backgrounds.You will also learn why these
factors are important.
Placement and labelling of artworks for exhibition
Activity 1 Placement and labelling of artworks for exhibition
What you need
• Digital device such computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone
• Internet connectivity
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What to do
Using a digital device and with the guidance of your teacher, search for
pictures of art exhibitions involving 2D and 3D artworks on the internet
Observe the pictures and answer the questions below.
a) How has the 2D artwork been placed and labelled?
b) How has the 3D artwork been placed and labelled?
c) Is there any difference in how 2D and 3D artworks are placed and
labelled?
a) Labelling the artwork provides the viewer with key information about
the work. Such information include.
• Name of the artist or creator of the work
• Title of the artwork
• The date when the artwork was created
• Medium on which the artwork is created.
b) It is advisable to use an ink pen or permanent marker in large, neat
and clear writing.This will ensure the label is visible from a distance.
c) The paper on which the label is written should support itself on a ﬁrm
surface such as a table or bench.
Quick reminder
Activity 2 Creating labels for the artworks
What you need
• Strong paper such as manila paper
• Scissors
• Ink or marker pens
What to do
1. Follow the steps below to prepare the labels for the artworks.
a) Using a pair of scissors, cut strips of manila paper of about 10 cm by
10 cm.
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b) Fold the strips of paper lengthwise into two equal parts.
c) On one side of the folded paper, write the following information in
large letters:
• name of the artist
• title of the artwork
• year when it was created
• size of the artwork
• material or medium on which the artwork is created.
2. Display your labels for your friends to see. Discuss what you like about
your labels and those of your friends. Give each other feedback on how
you can improve the labels.
Activity 3 Displaying the artworks
What you need
• 2D and 3D completed artworks
• Exhibition room
• Wood
• Hammers
• Saws
• Nails
What to do
1. With the guidance of your teacher, follow the steps below to prepare
your exhibition space.
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a) Select an exhibition space. The space should be well lit, clean and
large enough to hold all the exhibition stands.This could be an art
room,classroom,hall or any other dedicated room which is available.
b) Prepare a plan for your exhibition space. Consider the following
factors.
i) How many display stands do you need?
ii) How large will each display stand be?
iii) How will you arrange your display stands around the room?
iv) How will you group your artworks on the display stands?
v) For the artworks to be displayed on the walls, what glue will you
use?
vi) What background do you want against the artworks on the wall?
c) Collect all materials needed to prepare the exhibition space.
d) Use the materials to build the display stands.Your teacher will guide
you.
e) Arrange the display stands around the room as per your plan.There
should be enough space for the viewers to move around the room
easily.
f) Arrange the artworks on the display stands.The artworks should be
appropriately grouped and labelled.
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g) Mount some of the artworks on the walls with the right adhesive.
Artworks mounted on the walls should be properly spaced and
grouped based on the picture making technique used.
2. Once all the artworks have been arranged,clean up the exhibition space
and put away the tools in the right places.
a) In an exhibition, artworks are grouped by the medium and the
technique used. This creates order, eases organisation and makes it
easier to direct the viewers to particular displays.
b) The arrangement also ensures that artworks do not get misplaced or
lost.
c) Artworks must be displayed in the most appealing way to attract
viewers.
d) A contrasting background ensures the artwork stands out and does
not blend into the wall. Artworks with dark backgrounds should
be displayed against a light-coloured wall while those with light
backgrounds should be on a dark-coloured wall.
e) Do not damage the walls when putting up the artworks.Use glue that
does not damage the paint on the walls.
Quick reminder
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f) The display stands should be stable, have enough space for holding
the artworks and should be at the right height.
Art business ideas
Art and Craft is a fun way to express creative ideas. One can use these
skills to start and run an art business.
You should only access websites that your teacher, parents or guardians
have approved. Some content from the internet could damage your
digital device. There are also criminals who use the internet to harm
others.
Safety measures
Activity 4 Identifying Art and Craft business ideas
What you need
• Digital devices such as computer, tablet, laptop or smartphone
• Internet connectivity
What to do
1. With guidance from your teacher, search the internet for business ideas
involving Art and Craft.You can also get more ideas from the following
link: https://www.kiberacreatives.org.
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2. Make a list of all the ideas you have identiﬁed. Discuss each idea to
determine its suitability. Identify the most suitable idea for you based on
the following questions.
a) Do you enjoy doing the activity?
b) Have you mastered the skills required for the activity?
c) What materials do you need for the activity?
d) Are the materials easily available in your local area?
e) Is there a good market for the items you will make in your local
area?
3. List the ideas that you ﬁnd most suitable for you.
4. Share your ideas with the rest of the class.Talk about the business idea
or ideas that you have chosen. Give each other feedback.
a) You should evaluate the business idea you choose to see if it is suitable
for you.
b) Once you have mastered how to make good items, you can explore
other selling methods such as the internet. Ensure you involve your
teacher, parents or guardians when using the internet.
c) One of the business ideas is to train other people in the various skills
in Art and Craft.
d) You should take care of the environment as you carry out your
business activities. This is because the environment is the source of
most materials that you need in Art and Craft.
Quick reminder
Art appreciation
To make the variousArt and Craft items requires a lot of effort.Throughout
Grade Five, you have put in effort to do many projects in areas such as
picture making, pottery, leather work, fabric decoration and photography.
Appreciating your work and that of your classmates is important. It helps
to boost your self-conﬁdence as an artist. It provides you with helpful
feedback that you are mastering your skills in Art and Craft.
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Activity 5 Appreciating own and others’ artworks
What you need
Exhibition room with all the completed artworks on display
What to do
1. Walk around the exhibition room and look at your artworks and those
of your classmates.
2. Talk to your classmates about their artworks. Tell them what you like
about their work.Talk about the ideas expressed in their artworks.
3. Think about the good things said by your classmates about your work.
How does that make you feel?
When appreciating others’ work, use positive statements and words such
as:
• The colours blend well in this painting.
• The objects are well balanced in this landscape.
• The cross-hatching shading is well done in this object. I clearly see
the light and dark areas.
Remember
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Do the activity with your friend to help you improve your way of
appreciating art. Remember to be respectful and to use positive
statements.
a) Take a few artworks from the various activities you have completed
in Grade Five. This could be from the picture making, sculpture,
pottery, weaving, leather work and photography activities.
b) Talk about each other’s work. Start your conversations with this
question: What do you think of this artwork?
c) Avoid giving feedback in one-word responses such as ‘good’ or ‘nice’.
Instead, use the art vocabulary you have learnt in Grade Five to
express yourself. Describe the artwork in terms of tone, texture,
proportion, use of space, balance, blending of colours or creation of
depth.
Have fun
1. What is an art exhibition?
2. Design and draw a suitable label for an artwork.
3. Why do you need to label an artwork during an exhibition?
4. Give two examples of 2D artworks and two examples of 3D artworks.
5. State three things that an artist should consider when arranging
artworks for an exhibition.
6. Give three features of a good artworks display stand.
7. Why do you group artworks based on medium and technique during
an exhibition?
8. Give ﬁve business ideas involving Art and Craft.
9. What factors should one consider when deciding on a business idea
involving Art and Craft?
10.What should one observe when appreciating other people’s
artworks?
Test yourself
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a) Your teacher, parents or guardians will guide you to host an artwork
exhibition at the community centre or any other suitable location.
Buy our
artworks!
We need
MONEY TO
BUY TREE
seedlings.
b) Invite the local community to come to the exhibition.
c) Sell your artworks during the exhibition. Use the money to buy tree
seedlings. Plant trees in your community.
Artwork exhibition