KNOW MORE

ART AND CRAFT

GRADE 3

LEARNER’S BOOK

Francis Muthomi

Isaac Njenga

This book belongs to:

............................................................................................................

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encouraging African writers. If you suspect it has been copied or

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Write to: info@storymojaafrica.co.ke

Or:

Storymoja

PO Box 264 – 00606

Sarit Centre, Nairobi, Kenya.

Storymoja books are published by No Boundaries Ltd., an ethical

indigenous company formed by a collective of writers committed to

promoting African writing of world-class standards.

Edited by Mathew Sang and Jane Mathenge

Design and layout by Angela Muchemi and Serah Muchai

Cover design by Abulitsa George

First published in 2018 as a Storymoja imprint by No Boundaries Ltd.,

PO Box 264 – 00606, Sarit Centre, Nairobi, Kenya.

Second edition, 2022

Reprinted 2022 (Thrice), 2023

ISBN 978-9966-62-189-4

utilised in any form by any means electronic or mechanical – including

photocopying and recording – or by any information storage and

retrieval system without written permission from the publishers.

Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any

has been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will be pleased to

make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

Contents

1 DRAWING ................................................................. 1

Animal forms ................................................................................ 1

Human forms ................................................................................ 6

2 PAINT AND COLOUR ........................................... 10

Painting ....................................................................................... 10

3 PATTERN MAKING ................................................ 16

Hand print patterns ................................................................. 16

Leaf print patterns ................................................................... 19

Block print patterns ................................................................. 22

4 MOUNTING TECHNIQUES ................................. 28

Photomontage ........................................................................... 28

5 DECORATING FORMS .......................................... 32

Decorating 3-dimensional (3D) forms ................................ 32

6 ORNAMENTS ......................................................... 36

Double strand knotted bracelets .......................................... 36

Double strand knotted necklaces ......................................... 39

7 FABRIC DECORATION ......................................... 43

Appliqué method........................................................................ 43

8 MODELLING ........................................................... 47

Decorating clay items using incising technique ................ 47

Decorating clay work using embedding technique ......... 50

9 SCULPTURE............................................................. 54

Shakers ........................................................................................ 54

Propellers .................................................................................... 58

10 WEAVING ................................................................ 63

Plain weaving on a serrated cardboard loom .................. 63

Plain weaving on a dowal loom .......................................... 66

11 PAPER CRAFT ........................................................ 70

Combined paper craft techniques ........................................ 70

There are different forms all around us. Such forms include

animals and human beings.We can use drawing tools and

materials to create pictures of different forms.

Animal forms

Activity 1: Observing animals on a farm

Look at the picture below.

1. What animal forms can you see in the picture?

Visit an animal farm in your local area. Observe the animals

found in the farm.Your teacher, parent or guardian will guide you.

3. How are the animals at home useful?

DRAWING

Activity 2: Observing animals on a digital device

You will need: a digital device with an internet connection.

Look at the picture below

1. Which animals do you see on the laptop screen?

2. Where are such animals found?

3. Talk about animals with a friend.

Caution

Be careful when getting close to animals. Some animals can

hurt you.

Remember

Animals found at home are

called domestic animals.

Those found in the bush are

called wild animals.

Activity 3: Drawing animal forms

1. Complete the animal forms in the pictures below using a pencil.

2. Colour the pictures.

3. Show your classmates the pictures you have drawn.

4. Name

the animals in the pictures.

Digital moment

a) Use a digital device to draw animal forms.

b) Show your classmates the pictures you have drawn.

Activity 4

1. Draw and colour the animals shown in the pictures below.

2. Share the pictures you have drawn with your classmates.

3. Tell your classmates the names of animals you have drawn.

Caring for animals

We should be kind to animals.

We take care of animals at home by giving them food and water.

We also keep their houses clean.

A B

C D

Activity 5: How animals help the community

1. Look at these pictures.

2. How do the things in the pictures help people in the community?

3. What other ways are animals important in your community?

A B

C D

E F

Human forms

Activity 1: Observing pictures of human forms

1. Look at the pictures below.

2. What do you see in each picture?

3. Talk about the pictures with your friends.

Human diversity

We are all created differently. We should respect all people even

if they do not look like us. We should be kind to one another.

A B

C D

E F

Activity 2: Drawing human forms

1. Follow the steps below to draw a human form.

Step 1: Draw the

head.

Step 2: Add the

shoulders.

Step 3:Add the right

hand and ﬁngers.

Step 4:Add the left

hand and ﬁngers.

Step 5:Add the

right leg and foot.

Step 6:Add the left

leg and foot.

2. Show your classmates the picture you have drawn.

Remember

You can add other details

to the human form.These

include the eyes, ears,

mouth and hair.

Activity 3

1. Draw and colour the human ﬁgures like the ones shown in

the pictures below.

Use the empty spaces on the right side.

2. Share the pictures with your classmates.

3. Tell them how you have drawn the ﬁgures.

Take home activity

a) Draw pictures of the animals found in your home area.

Colour your pictures.

b) Use the pictures to tell the people in your community why

it is important to take care of animals.

Exercise 1

1. Are they animal or human forms?

B. C .

2. Look at the picture below.

a) What form is the girl in the picture drawing?

b) What is she using to draw?

We can use pictures to tell stories. Such pictures can be created

using paint and brush.

Painting

Activity 1: Observing simple painted pictures

1. Look at the pictures below.

2. What can you see in each picture?

3. What colours have been used in each picture? Talk about

them with a classmate.

Respect

It is important to respect the contribution of other learners.

Give each learner in the group a chance to speak.

PAINT AND COLOUR

A B

C D

Activity 2: Painting simple pictures based on stories

using a brush

The pictures below tell a story. Use a brush to paint the pictures.

2. What story can you tell from the pictures? Talk about the

story with your classmates.

Hygiene

We should wash our hands after playing, before eating and

after eating. Dirty hands cause diseases.

A B

C D

PAINT AND COLOUR

Activity 3

1. Talk about a good story you would like to tell.

2. Use a brush to paint four pictures in the spaces below to tell

the story.

Picture 1 Picture 2

Picture 3 Picture 4

3. Share your pictures with your classmates.

4. What stories do they tell?

Sharing

We should share painting and colouring materials with the other

learners.

A B

Painting simple pictures based on stories using

digital tools

Activity 4: Painting pictures

You will need: a digital device with Microsoft Paint or any

other painting application.

Think of a simple story you would like to tell through painting.

Your teacher, parent or guardian will guide you through the steps

below to create the pictures.

Step 1: Open Microsoft Paint or

the application you are using to

paint.

Step 2: Draw or open the

pictures you need on the

computer screen (desktop).

Step 3: Select the brush you

want to use.

Step 4: Select the colour you

want to use.

Step 5: Colour the different

parts of the picture using the

colours.

Step 6: Repeat steps 4 and 5

for the other colours to ﬁnish

your painting.

Share the pictures with your classmates. Show them how you

have created and painted your pictures.

Paint more pictures that tell other stories.

Remember

Using a digital device to draw and

paint has some advantages.You can

draw, erase or change the details

on your painting easily.

Exercise 2

1. What colours are used in each picture?

2. What story does each picture tell?

We can make patterns by repeating lines, shapes, prints or forms

on a surface. Colour is used to make the patterns more attractive.

Hand print patterns

Activity 1: Observing hand print patterns

1. Look at the patterns below.

2. How were they created?

3. Talk about it with a classmate.

A B

C D

PATTERN MAKING

Activity 2: Studying pictures

1. Look at the picture below.

2. What are the children doing?

3. What materials would you need to make such prints on a

surface?

4. On what types of surfaces can you make such prints?

Safety

Always use safe paints when creating hand print patterns.

Wash your hands with soap and clean water after ﬁnishing the

activity.

PATTERN MAKING

Activity 3: Making hand print patterns

You will need: paints of different colours and paper. Re-use old

papers to cover the working surface.

1. Create the following hand print patterns on paper using your

hands.

You can use colours of your choice.

2. Show your classmates the patterns you have created.

Tell

them how you have made the patterns.

3. Make other hand print patterns of your choice. Share them

with your classmates.

4. With the permission of your parent or guardian, take the

hand print pattern you have made to the nearest children’s

home.

A B

Leaf print patterns

Activity 1: Observing leaf print patterns

1. Look at the prints below.

2. Answer the following questions.

a) What was used to make the prints?

b) What materials would you need to make such prints?

c) How would you make the prints?

Activity 2: Studying pictures

1. Look at the pictures below.

2. What are the children doing?

3. What materials are they using?

4. Tell your friend how the children are making leaf print patterns.

Remember

In your local environment, there are

leaves of different shapes and sizes. Use

them to create attractive patterns with

different colours.

Your teacher will show you the leaves you

can use.

Activity 3: Printing coloured patterns using leaves

for decoration

You will need: different types of leaves, paints of different

colours, paint brushes and a piece of white blank paper.

1. Follow the steps below to make leaf print patterns.

Step 1: Paint one side of a leaf

using a brush. Use one colour

to paint the whole surface of

the leaf.

Step 2: Place the painted

surface of the leaf on the

white paper. Gently press the

leaf onto the paper.

Step 3: Carefully lift off the

leaf from the paper.

Be careful

not to spoil the print you have

made on the paper.

Step 4: Repeat steps 1 to 3

using the other leaves. Create

a pattern using the leaves you

have. Use different colours for

each type of leaf.

2. Leave your prints to dry.

3. Display your pattern in class for feedback.

Block printed pattern

Activity 1: Observing block printed patterns

1. Look at the patterns in the pictures.

2. What pictures have been used to make the patterns above?

A B

C D

Activity 2: Studying pictures

1. Look at the pictures below. What is happening in each picture?

2. Answer the following questions:

a) What tools are being used to make the patterns?

b) Which materials from your local environment can you

use to make the tools?

Environment

The environment provides us with the

materials that we need for Art and

Craft. We should take care of our

environment.

Activity 3: Making block print patterns

You will need: cut-out stamps, paints of different colours, a

piece of sponge and a piece of white paper.

1. Follow the steps below to create block printed patterns.

Step 1:Apply

paint on

the cut-out

stamp using

a sponge. Ensure the paint is

evenly applied.

Step 2:

Gently press

the painted

cut-out stamp

onto the paper.

Step 3:

Carefully

lift off the

cut-out

stamp from the paper.

careful not to spoil the print.

Step 4: Use

a different

design and

colour to

make the second print.

Use

different designs and colours to

create a beautiful pattern.

2. Display your pattern in class. Tell your classmates how you

have made the pattern.

Remember

You can make cut-out stamps from

wood, foam or rubber.

How to make a cut-out foam stamp

You will need:

paper, pencil, foam sheets, scissors and cutting

knife

What to do

Step 1: Draw the design you want on paper and then cut it out

using scissors.

Step 2: Place the design on a foam sheet and cut out along the

edges.

Step 3: Put together several of the foam cut-outs. Press them

ﬁrmly together and make sure they are

lined up well.

Step 4:Attach the foam cut-outs to another material.

Step 5: Repeat with other designs.

Take home activity

Ask your parents or guardians for assistance.

Visit a children’s home and show the children how to create

simple decorations using hand prints,leaf prints and block prints.

Use the decorations to make the children’s home beautiful.

Exercise 3

1. Match the pattern to the correct tool used to make it.

Pattern Tool

2. Name the materials and tools that you can use to make the

following patterns.

We can create pictorial compositions by putting together cut-out

pictures from printed materials. Examples of printed materials

include newspapers and magazines.

Photomontage

Activity 1: Identifying pictures from printed materials

a) Below are samples of pages from printed materials.

b) What pictures can you see in the samples ?

c) What other pictures can you get from printed materials?

MOUNTING TECHNIQUES

A B

C D

Creating pictorial compositions from cutout

pictures

Activity 2: Creating pictorial compositions

1. Look at the picture below and answer the questions:

2. What are the children in the picture doing?

3. What materials are they using?

Caution

Be careful when using cutting tools.

If not handled carefully,

they could hurt you or other learners.

MOUNTING TECHNIQUES

Activity 3

Create a pictorial composition of your choice in the space below.

You will need:Glue,old newspapers,a pair of scissors,old magazines

and old calendars.

Display your pictorial composition in class.

Explain to your

classmates what you have created.

Environment

Re-using materials from the community

helps to keep the environment clean.

Take home activity

Ask your parents or guardians to assist you.

Create a pictorial composition related to the environment. Get

pictures from old printed materials at home.

Use your composition to create awareness in the community

about the environment.

Exercise 4

1. Which of the following pictures is a photomontage?

2. Which of the following materials can you use to make a

pictorial composition?

A B

Decorating is the activity of making an object more attractive.

We can do this by painting on it. We can also make marks on it

with a cutting tool or stick other materials on it.

Decorating 3-dimensional (3D) forms

Activity 1: Observing decorated forms

1. Look at the objects in the pictures below.

2. Answer the following questions:

a) How have the objects been decorated?

b) What materials have been used to decorate the objects?

c) Share your observations with the class.

Digital moment

a) With the help of your teacher, parent or guardian, use a

digital device with Internet connection to search for other

decorated 3D objects.

b) Find out the methods used to decorate the objects.

DECORATING FORMS

Activity 2: Studying pictures

1. Below are materials that can be used to decorate 3D forms.

2. Name the materials.

3. What other materials from your local environment can you

use to decorate 3D forms?

4. Share your responses with your classmate.

Remember

We can use small objects such as sea shells, egg

shells, pebbles, seeds, beads and buttons to decorate

3D forms.

These materials are available in our local environment.

A B

C D

DECORATING FORMS

Decorating 3D forms using materials from the

local environment

Activity 3: Decorating 3D forms

You will need: an old cardboard box, coloured paper, decorating

materials such as fabrics, seeds, buttons, beads and glue

1. Follow the steps below to decorate the cardboard box.

Step 1: Cover the old

cardboard box with

coloured paper. Use fabric

to cover the inside of the

box.

Step 2: Cut out patterns and

shapes from the coloured

paper. Stick the patterns and

shapes on the cardboard box.

Step 3:Add any other

decorations you want on

the cardboard box.

Step 4: Decorate the bottom

part of the box. Use the box to

store your play items.

2. Display your decorated box in class.

Talk about the decorations

with your classmates.

Take home activity

Ask your parents or guardians for assistance.

a) Collect locally available materials for decorating 3D forms

such as calabashes, cardboard boxes, leather items or

wooden objects.

b) Decorate your home with the 3D forms.

Exercise 5

1. Which objects have been used to decorate the 3D forms

below?

2. Which of the materials below can be used to decorate 3D

forms?

C. D.

Bracelets and necklaces are ornaments that we wear to make

ourselves look beautiful.

We can make bracelets and necklaces

in different ways.

The knotting method is one way of making

bracelets and necklaces.

Double strand knotted bracelets

Activity 1: Observing knotted bracelets

Look at the pictures below.

a) What items do you see in the pictures?

b) How were the items made?

c) Share your responses with the class.

Remember

We can make bracelets by knotting threads

together. We can make single strand, double

strand and multiple strand bracelets using this

method.

A B C

ORNAMENTS

Activity 2: Making double strand knotted bracelets

You will need: nylon threads, tape

Follow the steps below to make a double strand knotted bracelet.

Your teacher, parent or guardian will guide you.

Step 1: Obtain ﬁve pieces of strings. One of the strings should

be 3 times the size of your wrist.

The other four strings should

be double the length of that string.

Step 2: Fold the shortest string into

two equal parts.Then arrange the other

longer strings around the folded string

as shown in the picture on the right

Tape the top ends of the strings onto a

table.

Tape the bottom ends of the middle

strings. Leave the ends of the other four

longer strings free.

Creating the ﬁrst strand

Step 3: Start by creating the strand on the left side. Place the

string on the outer side under the middle string.

Then place the

same outer string over the inner string.

tape

ORNAMENTS

Step 4: Now take the inner string over the middle string and into

the loop. Pull on both the inner and outer strings at the same time

to create a knot.Tighten the knot.

Step 5: Repeat the process but now start with the inner string.

Keep alternating the strings you start with after every knot up to

the end of the left strand.

Creating the second strand

Step 6: Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 with the strings for the right

strand.

Finishing the bracelet

Step 7: Once you have completed making the

two strands, cut off the excess outer strings.

Apply glue to the edges and stick them to the

middle strings as shown in the picture.

Step 8: Tie a simple knot at the end of the

loose strings. Pass the knot through the loop

you had created at the beginning of the

bracelet.

A B

A B C

Double strand knotted necklaces

Activity 1: Observing double strand knotted

necklaces

Look at the pictures below.

a) What items do you see in the pictures?

b) How were the items made?

c) Share your responses with your classmates

Remember

Knotted necklaces can be made of

a single strand, double strand or

multiple strands.

Activity 2: Making double strand knotted necklaces

You will need: two pieces of nylon thread each being 45 cm long,

beading needle, beads of different sizes and colour.

Follow the steps below to make a double strand knotted necklace.

Your teacher, parent or guardian will guide you.

Step 1: Hold the two pieces of thread together then fold them

into two. Knot them together at the 3-cm mark from the fold.

Step 2: String a bead through one of the threads.Then tie both

threads into a knot after the bead.

Step 3: Repeat the process until you have created a necklace

of the correct length. Once you have completed creating the

necklace, tie both strands together using a knot.

Step 4: Create a big knot with the loose ends of the threads.

Step 5: Use the knot to secure the necklace through the loop

you created on the other end.

Display your necklace in class. Show your classmates how you

have created your necklace.

Remember

There are different knots you can

make at the end of the necklace.

Take home activity

You will need the assistance of your parents or guardians.

a) Talk about the methods used to make bracelets and

necklaces in your community.

b) Show your parents or guardians how to make knotted

bracelets and necklaces.

c) Show your friends the bracelets and necklaces you have

made with your parents.

Exercise 6

1. Which of the bracelets and necklaces below are made using

the knotting method?

2. Name two materials you can re-use to make double strand

knotted bracelets and necklaces.

a) ______________________________________________

b) ______________________________________________

Appliqué method

We can decorate fabric using various methods.One of the methods

that we can use is called appliqué.In this method, pieces of fabric

in different shapes and patterns are sewn or stuck onto a larger

piece of fabric.

Observing fabric decorated using the appliqué

method

Activity 1: Studying pictures

1. Look at the fabrics in the pictures below.

2. Answer the following questions:

a) What materials have been used to decorate the fabrics?

b) What shapes, patterns or pictures have been used on

each fabric?

c) How were the decorations put on the fabrics?

A B C

FABRIC DECORATION

Activity 2: Decorating fabric using the appliqué method

You will need: a piece of clothing for decorating, pieces of fabric

of different colours from which to cut patterns and shapes,scissors,

fabric glue.

1. Follow the steps below to decorate fabric using the appliqué

method.

Step 1: Cut different shapes

and patterns from the various

pieces of fabric you have.

Step 2: Stick the shapes and

patterns onto the piece of

clothing using fabric glue.

2. Display the decorated fabric in class.

3. What is the feedback of your classmates.

Safety

You can also use a needle and thread to sew the decorations

onto the clothing. Always be careful when using sharp objects

such as scissors and needles.

Put back the needle in its container after using it.

Activity 3: Drawing and decorating fabric

1. Collect pieces of old fabrics at home.Decorate a larger fabric

using shapes and patterns from the old fabrics.

2. Draw a picture of the fabric you have decorated in the space

below.

3. Show your classmates the fabric you have decorated.

4. What is their response about your decorations.

Digital moment

a) Your teacher, parent or guardian will guide you to use a

digital device that has Internet connection to search for

pieces of clothing that have been decorated using the

appliqué method.

b) Show your classmates what you have found on the Internet.

Take home activity

Show your parents or guardians how to decorate fabric using

the appliqué method.

Create a set of table mats from fabric and decorate them using

the appliqué method. Use the table mats at home.

Exercise 7

1. Appliqué is a method of decorating ______________ using

shapes and patterns from other fabrics.

2. Which of the following fabrics have been decorated using the

appliqué method?

3. Name the materials you will need to decorate a T-shirt using

the appliqué method.

We can decorate clay items using different methods. One method

involves making marks on the clay item.

Another method involves

embedding small items such as pebbles on the wet clay.

Decorating clay items using incising

technique

Activity 1: Observing clay items that have been

decorated by incising

Look at the objects in the picture below and answer the questions.

a) What type of decoration is on the object?

b) How was the decorations made?

c) Share your responses with your classmates.

Remember

Incising is a method of decorating

clay items by creating markings on

the wet clay using a sharp object.

A B C

MODELLING

Materials used to decorate clay items by incising

Activity 2: Studying pictures

1. Name the materials in the pictures below.

2. Identify other materials in your environment that you can use

to make markings on wet clay.

3. Share your ﬁndings with the class.

Remember

Any object with a pointed end can be

used to make incisions on wet clay such

as a nail.

Safety

Always be careful when handling sharp objects.

A B

C D

Activity 3: Decorating clay objects by incising

You will need: clay, pointed object for making the incisions

1. Follow the steps below to make and decorate a clay pot by

incising.

Step 1: Roll the clay into a

ball.

Step 2: Use your ﬁngers to

create a small pot and shape it.

Step 3: Once the pot is

completed, create a pattern on

it by incising.

Step 4: Leave your pot to dry

under a shade.

2. Display your pot in class. Tell your friends how you made the

decorations on the pot.

3. What other items can be made out of clay?

4. Which safety precautions did you use when making your pot?

Decorating clay work using embedding

technique

Observing clay items that have been decorated

by embedding small objects

Activity 1

1. Look at the objects in the pictures below.

2. Answer the following questions:

a) What has been used to decorate each item?

b) How were the decorations made?

c) Share your responses with the class.

Remember

We can decorate clay items by embedding

small objects on them while the clay is still

wet. Such small objects include pebbles,

buttons, beads and sea shells.

A B

Objects used to decorate clay items by embedding

Activity 2

1. Look at the materials in the pictures below.

2. Identify the objects in each picture.

3. Look around your environment. Identify other materials that

you can embed into wet clay to make decorations.

4. Share your ﬁndings with your classmate.

Remember

The objects to be embedded into the clay will

depend on the use of the clay item. For example, if a

clay pot is to be used as a decorative item, then you

can use objects of any material. However, if the pot is

going to be used for cooking, then some objects such

as plastic beads or buttons may not be suitable.

A B

Decorating clay objects by embedding small objects

Activity 3

You will need: clay, small pebbles, water, container

Follow the steps below to make and decorate a clay pot by

embedding small objects.

Step 1: Mix the clay with

water and roll it into a ball.

Step 2: Using your hands,

create a small pot. Use your

ﬁngers to shape the pot.

Step 3: Once the pot is

completed, stick the pebbles

into the wet clay to make a

pattern.

Step 4: Leave your pot to dry

under a shade.

Display your pot in class. Talk about the decorations you have

made on the pots to the class.

Take home activity

With the help of your parents or guardians,

a) Model some clay items at home.

b) Decorate them using the incising and embedding methods.

c) Leave the items to dry and then use them to decorate your

house.

Exercise 8

1. Which method has been used to decorate each of the following

items?

2. Match the tools or materials with the correct method of

decorating clay items.

We can make different play objects from materials found in our

environment. Examples of such objects include shakers and

propellers.

Shakers

A shaker is an object that is used to create sound when shaken.

Activity 1: Observing samples of shakers

1. Look at the pictures below.

2. How are they used?

3. Share your observations with the class.

Digital moment

Use a digital device with Internet connection to search for

different types of shakers.

Show your classmates what you ﬁnd out.

A B

SCULPTURE

Activity 2: Identifying materials used to make a shaker

1. Look at the materials in the pictures below.

2. Identify the materials in each picture.

C D

3. Look around your environment.

Which other materials can

you use to make shakers?

4. Share your responses with your classmates.

Remember

There are different types of shakers that you

can make. You can use other materials such as

tins, plastic bottles, seeds and small pebbles to

make shakers.

A B

C D

SCULPTURE

Activity 3: Making simple shakers

Method 1

You will need: metal bottle tops, a forked stick, a piece of wire, a

nail and a hammer

Follow the steps below to make a simple

shaker.

You can decorate the forked stick before

starting the process of making the shaker.

Step 1: Using the nail and

hammer, make a hole at the

centre of each bottle top.

Step 2: Tie one end of the wire

to one side of the forked stick.

Step 3: Insert the bottle tops

through the free end of the

wire.

Step 4: Tie the other end of

the wire to the forked stick.

Your shaker is now ready.

Safety

Be careful when handling sharp and pointed tools to avoid

injury. Always handle the hammer properly. Do not cut a tree

branch without permission from your parent or guardian.

Activity 4

Method 2

You will need: containers that are made of thick plastic and

small pebbles or dry seeds.

1. Follow the steps below to make a shaker.

Step 1: Put the seeds or

pebbles inside the plastic

container. Put back the lid on

the bottle.

Step 2: You can decorate the

plastic container with colourful

paper.

2. Display your shakers in class. Use your shakers to create

music.

Remember

The size of objects that you put in the plastic bottle

will determine the sound you will get. If you want a

soft sound, use small-sized materials such as sand

or rice grains. If you want a loud sound, use bigger

materials such as dry seeds or small pebbles.

Propellers

A propeller is a play item which has rotating parts that are

attached to a stick.

Activity 1: Observing samples of propellers

1. Look at the picture below. Answer the following questions.

2. What are the children using to play?

3. How were the play items made?

Activity 2

1. Look at the items in the pictures below.

2. Identify the materials in each picture.

A B

C D

3. Which other materials from your environment can be used to

make propellers?

4. Share your responses with the class.

Environment

The environment is a rich source of

materials for Art and Craft. Let us take

care of our environment.

A B

C D

Making simple propellers using local materials

Activity 3: Making simple propellers

You will need: a square coloured paper, glue, scissors, stick and

push pins

Follow the steps below to make a propeller.

Step 1: Lay out the square paper on a ﬂat surface.

Step 2: Draw two diagonal lines to cross each other at the

centre of the paper. Cut along the lines up to the half-way mark

on each diagonal line.

Step 3: Lift one edge of each segment and fold it towards the

centre of the paper. Glue the edges to the centre of the paper.

Step 4: Use a pin or any other sharp item to ﬁx the paper to a

stick.

a) Show your classmates the propeller you have made.

b) Tell them how you have made the propeller.

c) Play with your classmates using the propellers you have made.

Remember

You can create propellers using materials

from your local environment. Such materials

include dry maize leaves, maize stalks and

coconut leaves.

Digital moment

Use a digital device connected to the internet to search for

examples of propellers.

Take home activity

With the guidance of your parents or guardians, make a shaker

and a propeller.

Use materials from your local environment.

Use the shaker and propeller to play with your friends or siblings.

Exercise 9

1. What play items are shown in the pictures below?

C .

2. A shaker creates _____________ when shaken.

3. A propeller has parts that _________________ when pushed

by the wind.

4. The materials below can be used to make a:

A. ________________

B. ___________________

Weaving is done by passing threads over and under other threads

on a loom.

We can use a serrated loom or a dowel loom to weave table

mats, ﬂoor mats and wall decorations. We can weave such items

in different colours.

Plain weaving using the serrated card

loom

Observing woven items, materials and tools

Activity 1: Observing woven items

1. Look at the picture below. Answer the following questions:

2. What is the person doing?

3. What materials and tools is the person using?

WEAVING

4. What other materials can you use to make woven items?

5. Share your responses with the class.

Making a table mat using a serrated card loom

In plain weave, the weft thread passes over one warp and under

another warp continuously to the end of this woven item.

Activity 2: Making a table mat

You will need: a serrated card loom, coloured yarn or pieces of

fabric, a long piece of string, weaving needle

Follow the steps below to make a mat on a serrated cardboard

loom using plain weave.

Step 1: Make a serrated

cardboard loom.

Step 2: Insert the base strings

through the cuttings on the

loom from top to bottom.

Step 3: Start weaving using the

ﬁrst colour of yarn or fabric

strip.

Step 4: Introduce the second

colour of yarn or fabric strip

and continue weaving.

Step 5: Introduce the third colour of yarn and continue weaving.

You can keep interchanging the colours to the end of the mat.

(a)

(b)

Step 6: Once the mat is complete, turn over the loom. Cut off

the base strings to release the mat.Tie the base strings together

to secure your mat.Trim off the excess string.

Display your mat in class. Tell your classmates how you made

your mat.

Re-using materials

Re-using materials from our environment helps to keep the

surroundings clean.

You can cut fabric strips from old clothing.

Weaving using the dowel loom

Identifying tools and materials used in weaving

Activity 1 Work in groups

Look at the picture below. Answer the questions below.

a) What is the person doing?

b) What tool is she using?

c) What materials is she using?

d) What other materials from the environment can you use to

make woven items?

e) Share your responses with the class.

Remember

A dowel loom is also called a peg loom.

Activity 2: Making a mat using a dowel loom

You will need: a dowel

loom, sisal or rafﬁa ﬁbre in three colours

and a weaving needle

Follow the steps below to make a mat using the dowel loom.Your

teacher, parent or guardian will guide you.

Step 1: Make a dowel loom

using a log of wood and

dowel rods.

Step 2: Pass the base strings

through the holes on the dowel

rods.Then insert the rods into

the holes on the block of wood.

Step 3: Loop the ﬁrst colour

of ﬁbre round the ﬁrst rod.

Start weaving by passing the

ﬁbre in and out of the rods all

the way to the other end.

Step 4: Introduce the second

colour of ﬁbre at a point of your

choice and continue weaving.

Step 5: Introduce the third

colour of ﬁbre and weave to

the end of the mat. Once you

have achieved the right size of

the mat, knot the ends of the

ﬁbre and attach them to the

sides of the mat.

Step 6: Cut off the strings

from the dowel rods to free the

mat. Knot the strings and tie

them together to secure your

mat.Then trim off the extra

base strings.

a) Display your mat in class.

b) What is the response of your classmates.

Sharing

Share your materials with the other learners.

You can also share the items you make with the less fortunate in

your community.

Take home activity

You will need the assistance of your parents or guardians.

Weave table mats or wall hanging decorations using the

serrated card loom and the dowel loom.

Donate the items to a home for the elderly in your community.

You can use the wall hangings to decorate the home for the

elderly.

Exercise10

1. Name the tool being used in each picture to make a mat.

2. Name four materials you can use to make woven items:

a) _____________________ b) _____________________

c) _____________________ d) _____________________

3. Write down the materials you require to make each of the

following looms.

a) ____________________

b) ____________________

c) ____________________

a) ____________________

b) ____________________

c) ____________________

Paper craft is the activity of creating decorations from paper. We

can combine different paper craft methods to create attractive

decorations. Such methods include cutting, folding, pleating and

curling paper.

Combined paper craft methods

Observing hats made using combined paper craft

methods

Activity 1: Observing hats

Look at the paper hats in the pictures below.Answer the following

questions.

a) What is the difference in the hats?

b) Where can you use such hats?

c) What materials are used in making such hats?

d) Ta lk with your friend other types of hats you can make from

paper.

A B

C D

PAPER CRAFT

Activity 2: Studying pictures

Look at the children in the pictures below.

What are they doing?

Digital moment

Use a digital device that has Internet connection to search for

different types of paper hats and how they are used.

Share your ﬁndings with your classmates.

PAPER CRAFT

Creating paper hats using combined paper craft

methods

Activity 3: Creating paper hats

Follow the steps below to make different types of paper hats.

Paper hat 1

You will need: old newspapers or manila paper

Step 1: Fold your paper

into two halves.

Step 2: Tu rn the paper so that the

folded edge is at the top. Draw

a line through the middle of the

folded paper from top to bottom.

Draw another horizontal line

from the bottom.

Step 3: Bring the left top

corner of the folded paper to

the middle of the horizontal

line. Do the same with the

top right corner.

(a) (b)

Step 4: Fold the front paper

upwards along the horizontal

line. Then fold the back paper

backwards and upwards along the

horizontal line.

Show your classmates the hat you have made.

Wear your hats

and talk about how you made them.

Paper hat 2

You will need: manila paper, scissors and glue

Step 1: Draw a large circle in

the middle of the paper.

Step 2: Divide the circle into

three equal segments.

Step 3: Decorate one of the

parts using a pattern of your

choice.Then cut out the part

you have decorated from the

circle.

Step 4: Fold the cutout paper

to create a cone. Use glue to

stick the edges together.

Show your classmates the hat you have made.

Remember

You can re-use old newspapers or old

manila paper.

Paper hat 3

You will need: a sheet of manila paper, a small scrap of yellow

paper, a sheet of white paper, a paper plate, scissors, glue, black

paint and paint brush

Step 1: Cut out the bottom part of the paper plate. You will be

left with a ring of the paper plate.

Step 2: Paint the ring from step 1 black on both sides. The ring

will make the hat’s brim. Keep it aside to dry.

Step 3: Cut the black Manila paper in half so that you have two

long narrow strips.

Step 4: Fold one of the narrow strips of the black paper

to make the main part of the hat.

Glue the edges together.

Insert the main part of the hat into the hat’s brim.

Step 5: Glue a white band around the hat just above the brim.

Add a small square piece of yellow paper where the two ends of

the band meet.

Step 6: Cut a circular piece of paper from the remaining black

paper from step 3.

Use a little glue to set the circular piece on top

of the hat.

Safety

Be careful when working with scissors

Take home activity

Show your parents or guardians how to make paper hats.

Make paper hats for your birthday party.

Use different decorations to make your paper hats beautiful.

Use the paper hats for your birthday party.

Exercise 11

1. Name the materials you can use to make the following paper

hats.

2. Give two instances where we can use paper hats:

a) __________________________________

b) __________________________________

3. Colour the following hats.